Concepts

Protection gained by an organism from living in association with another species

Processing procedure to remove atmospheric effects from hyperspectral radiance data to estimate surface reflectance

Ungulate feeding method where animals scrape off and eat chlorophyll-filled bark and cambium using their lower incisors

Physical processes that create fractures in subsurface bedrock, enabling geogenic elements to enter rivers and biogeochemical cycles

The study of bee foraging behavior, including diet breadth, sociality, body size, and foraging distances in relation to floral resource availability.

Visual and vocal displays by nestlings to communicate their status of need and obtain resources from parents

Anaerobic biological treatment using organic substrate and bacteria to reduce sulfate and precipitate metals from acid mine drainage

Disturbance of sedimentary deposits by living organisms, in this case soil mixing by ant tunneling activities

Direct relationship between body size and reproductive output in mayflies

Vertical mixing of air in the atmospheric boundary layer that affects aerosol concentrations and vertical distribution

Sedimentary facies characteristic of braided river systems with multiple channels and bars

Semi-fossorial marmots using the same burrow entrances, indicating social association

Process by which tree canopies intercept and reduce throughfall of precipitation to surface soils

The amount of sunlight reaching the forest floor through tree canopy, affected by crown thinning and leaf flushing

The economic process by which wealth is concentrated through industrial extraction and trade networks

Accumulated shortage of carbon resources in plants that can influence future phenological timing

The proportion of carbon taken up by microorganisms that is converted to biomass rather than respired as CO2

Post-burial behaviors including shaving fur, rounding carcasses, and secreting antimicrobial exudate

Training cattle to alter their grazing patterns and spatial use through management techniques

A form of crypsis where prey species chemically match the surfaces of their host plants to avoid detection by predators that hunt primarily through olfaction

Expanding range and increased development of disease vectors like mosquitos, black flies, and biting midges due to warming temperatures

The physiological connection and resource sharing between ramets within a clonal plant that allows communication of defenses

Nighttime accumulation of cold dense air in valleys and topographic depressions due to radiative cooling and gravity drainage

The process by which bumble bee colonies grow in size throughout the foraging season

Complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria capable of carrying out both ammonia oxidation to nitrite and nitrite oxidation to nitrate steps

Alternative targeting of gene products to different cellular compartments through splice variants or targeting sequences