Counting marmots…
12 concepts
The functioning of ecosystems including processes such as carbon and nutrient cycling and storage, community- and ecosystem-level responses, and overall ecosystem properties and processes
CO2 efflux from soils to atmosphere representing combination of autotrophic respiration (root respiration) and heterotrophic respiration (microbial decomposition)
The microbiome's ability to extract energy from dietary sources
Movement of seeds away from parent plants through various mechanisms including wind, animals, and gravity
Experimental removal of the most abundant plant species to test effects of species loss on community structure and function
The reciprocal evolutionary change in interacting species driven by natural selection, where adaptations of one species create selective pressures on another species