Concepts

Behavior in which a female moves her litter to a new location

The process by which female mammals that develop in male-biased litters show signs of masculinization because they are exposed to testosterone produced by their male siblings in utero

Litters where offspring are sired by more than one male

A capture-recapture model that accounts for transitions between different states (e.g., age classes) and estimates state-specific survival and detection probabilities

When any social group contains 2 or more males with neither male forced to leave the group because of conflict

Infection by internal parasites including blood-borne trypanosomes and intestinal parasites that can affect host behavior and physiology

When animals prefer to associate with certain individuals over others within a group

The hypothesis that play provides an opportunity to practice and refine skills that will be needed later in adulthood

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

Classification of female reproductive phase as gestation/lactation or post-reproductive/pre-hibernation

Demographic metric based on information theory quantifying the variation in social group composition across age and sex classes

Learning that occurs through observation or interaction with other individuals

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles

Organization of individuals within populations based on family groups and territorial patterns