Concepts

Experimental provision of additional food resources to wild populations to test resource limitation hypotheses

The mean age of females when they lay eggs or give birth, calculated as the inverse of the sum of elasticities of population growth rate to changes in fecundities

Social organization where individuals aggregate in groups, potentially providing antipredator benefits through collective vigilance and dilution effects

Specialization of left and right brain hemispheres to carry out specific activities, with right hemisphere processing threats and left hemisphere processing conspecifics

The area traversed by an individual in its normal activities of food gathering, mating and caring for young

High diversity of life-history traits among individuals within populations, potentially masking life-history trade-offs

The ability to devise a novel solution to a novel or existing problem, measured as successful opening of puzzle box

The angle between the paths of predator and prey to the prey's refuge, expressing degree to which prey must run towards an approaching predator

Mass gain patterns in young animals during their first active season before hibernation

Behavior in which a female moves her litter to a new location

The process by which female mammals that develop in male-biased litters show signs of masculinization because they are exposed to testosterone produced by their male siblings in utero

Behavioral test using mirror exposure to gauge shy and bold behavior through observed interactions with reflection

Litters where offspring are sired by more than one male

The combining of information from multiple sensory modalities that influences decision-making

A capture-recapture model that accounts for transitions between different states (e.g., age classes) and estimates state-specific survival and detection probabilities

When any social group contains 2 or more males with neither male forced to leave the group because of conflict

Infection by internal parasites including blood-borne trypanosomes and intestinal parasites that can affect host behavior and physiology

When animals prefer to associate with certain individuals over others within a group

The hypothesis that play provides an opportunity to practice and refine skills that will be needed later in adulthood

Individuals participate in seemingly altruistic behaviors because they have reciprocal relationships and take turns

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

Classification of female reproductive phase as gestation/lactation or post-reproductive/pre-hibernation

Demographic metric based on information theory quantifying the variation in social group composition across age and sex classes

Learning that occurs through observation or interaction with other individuals

The relationship between the microbiome and sociality in animals

Measures the proportion of relationships within a group where both individuals initiate interactions with each other, indicating mutual social relationships

An analytical approach where deviations from an individual's average behavior or phenotype are calculated to quantify and analyze how an individual's social phenotype may change over time.

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles

Extension of the Lande-Arnold selection analysis using partial regression to partition selection among levels

Theoretical framework examining trade-offs between advantages and disadvantages of group living

Organization of individuals within populations based on family groups and territorial patterns