Concepts

Natural selection that favors behaviors that benefit relatives, even at a cost to the individual performing the behavior

Statistical approach that includes individual identity as a random effect linked to a pedigree to estimate additive genetic variance

Reduced fitness in inbred individuals compared to outbred individuals due to expression of deleterious recessive alleles

Individual's reaction to being trapped and handled, measured on behavioral scale from aggressive to passive responses

Fitness benefits that include both direct fitness (individual's own reproductive success) and indirect fitness (fitness gained by helping relatives reproduce), weighted by coefficient of relatedness

Plasticity that occurs across generations where parental environmental effects influence offspring phenotype or fitness

Signals that meet criteria of stimulus-class specificity and contextual independence, where alarm calls are said to be functionally referential when there is tight association between predator type an...