Concepts

Natural selection that favors behaviors that benefit relatives, even at a cost to the individual performing the behavior

Fitness benefits that include both direct fitness (individual's own reproductive success) and indirect fitness (fitness gained by helping relatives reproduce), weighted by coefficient of relatedness

Signals that meet criteria of stimulus-class specificity and contextual independence, where alarm calls are said to be functionally referential when there is tight association between predator type an...

Individuals participate in seemingly altruistic behaviors because they have reciprocal relationships and take turns