Concepts

The economic process by which wealth is concentrated through industrial extraction and trade networks

Increased food intake to offset elevated energy expenditure from additional activity or metabolic demands.

Stressful environmental conditions during development that can affect later life performance

When response to composite stimulus is equivalent or similar to response to one unimodal component

The fusion of one sperm with the egg to form a zygote and fusion of another sperm with polar nuclei to form endosperm, characteristic of angiosperms

When multiple cues reduce uncertainty by providing supplemental information, resulting in increased response compared to single components

The physiological water loss and evaporative water loss response in amphibians as changing climatic conditions are linked to increased thermal and hydric stress

Industrial operations focused on removing natural resources, particularly whaling and guano mining in oceanic environments

Plant behavior of tracking the sun to warm flowers and attract pollinators

Learning motor routines that mediate nectar extraction through robbing holes

Intricate networks of veins built from lignified xylem and phloem tissue that serve multiple functions including transport of water and sugars, mechanical support, and herbivory resistance

Activities related to building and maintaining nests, including burrow digging and gathering nest materials

Uses small mammals as a food source to rear young

Growth rate serves as a proxy for the amount of photosynthesis occurring in rosettes

Physiological adaptation to specific environmental conditions through optimization of photosynthetic machinery and water relations

Environmental conditions that limit organism movement based on physiological constraints rather than physical obstacles

The process of plant aging and death that affects resource quality and availability for herbivores

Ability of butterflies to detect polarized light for navigation and site location, strongest when butterfly is in line with the sun

Physiological responses including elevated heart rate triggered by perceived threats or social interactions rather than physical activity

Gravitational spreading or mountain sagging process that creates local stress perturbation and sub-vertical fractures

Ability of butterflies to remember and return to specific puddling locations using memory rather than immediate sensory cues