Concepts

Research practices that allow independent researchers to reproduce results using the same methods and data

The production of reproductives (males and new queens) by bumble bee colonies, measured as abundance of males in late season

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

Classification of female reproductive phase as gestation/lactation or post-reproductive/pre-hibernation

Successful production of larvae that develop to feeding stage on buried carcasses

Statistical measure of effect size calculated as the ratio of treatment to control group means

Lateral movement of river channels through erosion and deposition processes over time

DNA amplification technique that amplifies circular DNA templates using phi29 DNA polymerase

Traits like crown-stripe width, plumage coloration, and song that require additional energy to maintain and signal mate quality

The movement of eroded soil and rock particles by water flow

A state where viable seeds do not germinate immediately even under favorable conditions

Seeds present in the soil that represent the potential for future plant community recruitment and composition

Evolutionary changes in sex-determining chromosomes including fusion events and differentiation from autosomes

Differences between sexes in fluorescent patterns, as identified in Plethodon metcalfi

Overland flow that occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds the rate at which water can enter the soil

The body size of mayflies when they emerge as adults from aquatic larval stage

Temporal and spatial patterns of small mammal behavior and presence

Below-normal snowpack conditions that can be caused by lack of winter precipitation (dry) or winter precipitation falling as rain rather than snow (warm)

Univoltine species which develop from overwintered eggs in pools formed by melting snow water

Direct transition of snow from solid to vapor phase, important for water balance in mountain watersheds

Demographic metric based on information theory quantifying the variation in social group composition across age and sex classes

Learning that occurs through observation or interaction with other individuals

The relationship between the microbiome and sociality in animals

Measures the proportion of relationships within a group where both individuals initiate interactions with each other, indicating mutual social relationships

Distinct layers in soil profile with different physical and chemical properties

Experimental technique to remove soil microbial communities via autoclaving

Ambiguity in direction estimation that occurs when sensor spacing exceeds half the wavelength of the signal

When plants are found adjacent to one another with less than two finger-widths between them or when one plant surrounds another

Ability of models to predict across different spatial domains and time points using information from multiple locations and times

The difference between observed streamflow and expected or baseline streamflow, representing water shortage