Concepts

Statistical model used to determine the number of principal components to retain, setting threshold above which a component explains more variation than expected by chance alone

Measures of brood fitness including larval number, weight, and production efficiency

The component of food webs based on detrital energy pathways as opposed to primary production

Hypothesis that presence of active social support systems provides aid to focal individuals and creates buffer against stressors

Study of microbial communities and processes in constructed habitats and structures

A spatial pattern of rapid exhumation concentrated in a central zone with decreasing rates toward the periphery

Semi-fossorial marmots using the same burrow entrances, indicating social association

Number of butterflies observed during a given time period, used as a measure of behavioral activity influenced by environmental conditions

Automated identification of species from camera trap photographs using machine learning

Digital representation of forest canopy height derived from remote sensing data

Process by which tree canopies intercept and reduce throughfall of precipitation to surface soils

The amount of sunlight reaching the forest floor through tree canopy, affected by crown thinning and leaf flushing

The economic process by which wealth is concentrated through industrial extraction and trade networks

Conservation strategy to preserve threatened or critically endangered species through maintaining reproductive populations in captivity

An ecological technique that relies on randomly choosing a sample of recorded syllables and then 'recapturing' some of those syllables in successive samples to estimate total repertoire size

Enzymes involved in the synthesis, modification, and degradation of carbohydrates including polysaccharides

Integrative model combining photosynthesis, respiration, and total nonstructural carbohydrate measurements to quantify carbon allocation patterns

Accumulated shortage of carbon resources in plants that can influence future phenological timing

Water acts as a limiting factor for both decomposition of organic matter and net carbon assimilation

Spectroscopic techniques including NEXAFS and FTIR used to characterize the functional group composition and chemical structure of organic carbon

The proportion of carbon taken up by microorganisms that is converted to biomass rather than respired as CO2

Post-burial behaviors including shaving fur, rounding carcasses, and secreting antimicrobial exudate

The dominant frequency component of acoustic signals, measured as the highest peak frequency from FFT analysis

Effects of herbivory and pollination that persist from one growing season to the next

Natural waterfall barriers that create transitions between fishless upstream reaches and fish-containing downstream reaches

The difference between cash rents for irrigated versus non-irrigated land in the same area, used to estimate the value of water for irrigation

The range of worker sizes within colonies, also called worker polymorphism

Standardized measure of abundance calculated as number of individuals caught per unit of sampling time or effort

Assessment of forecast skill for predicting occurrence of events within defined categories using contingency table analysis

Training cattle to alter their grazing patterns and spatial use through management techniques