Concepts

Cytogenetic technique using fluorescently labeled DNA probes to identify homologous chromosome regions across species

Alternative targeting of gene products to different cellular compartments through splice variants or targeting sequences

Increased food intake to offset elevated energy expenditure from additional activity or metabolic demands.

The ecological principle that removing individuals may not reduce population size if sampling removes individuals that would have died anyway

Ability of remaining species to increase growth and fill ecological niches left vacant by lost species

Measures of inter-tree competition including relative spacing, larger neighbor volume, and neighborhood density calculated within specified neighborhoods

The capacity of a species to successfully compete for limiting resources, which can be altered by parasitic stress

Life cycles involving transitions between stages often involving not only habitat shifts but also dramatic changes in mobility

PCA performed on geochemical data transformed to compositional units to remove effects of dilution

The production and structure of animal signals may be condition dependent and may provide more than one type of information to receivers

Water electrical conductivity that increases as solutes concentrate during pond drying

Battle-zone landscapes that are always in motion and in a process of becoming, where civilian and military landscapes merge and multi-vocal overlapping accounts are produced

When three variables are all related to one another, creating spurious climate-phenology relationships because both variables change across years

Pairs of closely related species within the same genus that allow comparison while controlling for evolutionary history.

Number of existing links divided by the number of possible links, or C=L/S²

Predictable linear mixing behavior of chemical constituents between two water sources without reaction or loss

Statistical measure of the consistency or scatter in paleocurrent directions

Relationships that link chemical reactions and transport using flow, transport, and reaction parameters

The fraction of water that was originally withdrawn from a source for irrigation and is subsequently removed from availability owing to evaporation, transpiration, or incorporation into crops

Extension of the Lande-Arnold selection analysis using partial regression to partition selection among levels

Signals must be 'contextually independent' where perceivers must respond to a variable call much as they would to the eliciting stimulus, even when no other cues are available

Spatial information modeling patterns such as shape and texture through correlation between adjacent pixels to account for spectral variability

High elevation ridges that separate drainage systems flowing to different oceans

Chemical compounds that enhance image contrast by increasing X-ray absorption properties of biological tissues

Turbulent atmospheric layer near surface that develops during daytime heating, characterized by well-mixed conditions and active convection

Deep learning architecture using convolutional layers for image classification and segmentation tasks