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Two datasets associated with the article, 'A reference genome and transcriptome of haustorial development in Pedicularis groenlandica reveal diverse trajectories of haustoria-associated gene evolution in parasitic plants', published in Annals of Botany, May 2026. The first dataset includes the IDs of all haustoria-associated genes identified in the analysis for species: Pedicularis groenlandica, Phtheirospermum japonicum, Cuscuta campestris, Phelipanche aegyptiaca (syn. Orobanche aegyptiaca), and Striga hermonthica. The orthogroups each haustoria-associated gene was classed into are also included. The second dataset is the functional annotation of the Pedicularis groenlandica genome. Novel traits frequently evolve by co-opting existing genetic pathways through either the direct repurposing of existing genes or neofunctionalization of duplicated genes. Parasitism represents a major innovation in plants, in which a novel organ, the haustorium, evolved to penetrate hosts to extract water and nutrients. Previous studies hypothesized that haustoria-associated genes evolved primarily from root and pollen-associated pathways by neofunctionalization following genome duplications
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