Technical report (1972-1980). Covers Philadelphia, Blacksburg, Virginia. Topics: water quality management, environmental management, toxicity testing, multispecies toxicity tests. Agencies: American Water Resources Association, Water Science and Technology Board, National Research Council. Cites 50 external works.
Knowledge graph centered on Toxic Waste Papers- John Cairns with 61 nodes and 60 connections. Top connected: Atriplex canescens, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Department of Agriculture, Bacteria, Congress.
Stakeholders (38)
Agencies, organizations, and groups mentioned as actors in this document.
United States Environmental Protection AgencyUnited States Department of AgricultureCongressUniversity of WyomingNational Academy of SciencesNational Research CouncilAmerican Water Resources AssociationExxon Corporation
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National Academy PressDow Chemical CompanyAmerican Fisheries SocietyEnvironment CanadaInternational Joint CommissionUSDA-Agricultural Research ServiceVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityAmerican Society for Testing & Materials
A site-specific field and laboratory evaluation of fish and Asiatic clam population re- sponses to coal fired power plant discharges (1983) — Cairns, J., Jr. and Cherry D.S.
f/4) Robert~. J (1982) — Mitsch, R. W. Bosserman. and J. M. Klopatek, Eds., Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Am!ttcrdam, The Netherlands
Review: The use of environmental toxicology data in hazard assessment: Progress, needs, challenges (1982) — Kenaga, E.E.
in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (1982)
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Predictive and reactive systems for aquat- tic ecosystem quality control (1982) — Cairns, J., Jr.
Responst· ofaquatic microcosms to acute mortality (1981) — Taub, F. B., Crow, M. E .. and Hartman, H .. J.
Symhesizing aquatic: microcosms (1981) — Taub, F. B. and Crow, !\·f. E.
issue of Science announces as a matter of general interest the development of a sealed microcosm which has stable characteristics and species composition for over a year (1981) — The November
A critique of assimilative capacity (1981) — Campbell, I.e.
Restoration of damaged ecosystems (1981) — Cairns J. Jr
Commentary of "A critique of assimilative capacity by !.C (1981)
Related Works
Items connected by shared entities, co-authorship, citations, or semantic similarity.
The effect of island size, distance, and epicenter maturity on the colonization process in freshwater protozoan communities (1980) — Henebry, M.S. and. Cairns,J.,Jr.
The effects of a sublethal dose of copper sulfate on the colonization rate of freshwater protozoan communities (1980) — Cairns, J., Jr., Hart K.M. and Henebry M.S.
Bio- mental simulation of a coastal marine ecosystem (1980) — Maid A., Dickson K. L. & Cairns J. Jr (Eds)
NAT. REs. CoUN., TESTING FOR EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON ECOSYSTEMS xii (1981) (1980) — Cairns, Jr., Guest Editorial: Beyond Single Species Testing, 4 MARINE ENV'l"L REs.
Monitoring aberrant respiratory heart rate of a teleost fish (1980) — Maki A. W.
Survival of Euglena gracilis to sublethal temperature and hexavalent (1979) — Yongue, W. H., Jr., Berrent, B. L., and Cairns, J., Jr.
; Deland, EPA "Policy" for Testing Toft:s, 15(4) ENV'l"L ScmNCE & TECH (1979) — Cairns, Jr. & Maki, Hazard Analysis in Tcwic Materials E11aluatWn, 51(4) J. WATER PoLL. CoN'I'aoL FED. 666-71
Fish and Daphnia toxicity as surrogates for aquatic vascular plants and algae (1979) — Kenaga, E.E. and Moolenaar R.J.
A technique for the enum- eration of benthic ciliated Protozoa (1979) — Finlay, B.J ., Laybourn,J ., and Strachan, I.
Final summary. In Biologicallndicarors Heath R (1979) — Cairns J. Jr.
Designing a rni<"mco~m bioassay to detec.t ecosystem level eflects (1979) — Cooke, W. B. ( 19~6). Colonization of artificial hare art'as hy microorganisms. Botanical Re1Jiew 22, 613-63R. Crow, ~f. E. and Taub, F. B.
Large A. J. (1980) The risk/benefit debate (1979) — Dickson K. L.. Maki A. W. & Cairns J. Jr (Eds)
Some considerations in the design of aquatic Mushroom Hunters, 267 pp (1979) — Dudzik M., Harte J.. Jassby A., Lapan E.• Levy D. & Rees nic Mushroom Poisoning. a Handbook for Physicians and J.
Cooperative Agree- Microbial Ecology (Edited by Rosswall T.), pp (1979) — Pennsylvania State University
Estimating Drummond R (1979) — Cairns J. Jr, Dickson K. L. & Maki A.
Selection in /K continuum in ('Xpt~rimental popula- tions of Protozoa (1979) — Luckinbill, L. S.
Analyz~ the Hazard Evaluation Process (1979) — Dickson, K.L., Maki A.W. and Cairns, J., Jr., Ed.
Perturbation Agency, Washington, DC (1979) — Odum E. P., Finn J. T. & Franz E. H.
An annotated in Ecological Research, (Edited by Giesy J.) (1978) — Blanck H. G. D. & Gustafsson K.
f/5) National Research Council, Keptme/MirexiHrxachlurocyclupentodiene: An Envirunmen· tal Assrsmu~nt, Committee for Scientific and Technical Assessments of Environmental Pol· -Jut ants (1978) — National Re!tearch Council of Canada, Ottawa
Estimating the Hazard of Chemical Substances to Aquatic Life (1978) — Cairns, J., Jr., Dickson K.L. and Maki A., Ed.
Biological Surveillance of Rivers (1978) — Hellawell, J.M.
Environment- al safety assessment of new materials (1978) — Kimerle, R.A., Gledhill W.E. and Levinskas G.J.
Community production and respiration by ciliated Protozoa in the benthos of a small eutrophic lock (1978) — Finlay, B. .J.
of rehabilitation of 3 (1978)
Field and laboratory vironmental Protection Agency (1978) — Cairns J. Jr & Dickson K. L.
Springfield. VA (1978) — Cairns J. Jr, Dickson K. L. & Maki A. W. (Eds)
Biotic processes (1978) — New York. Klein W. & Scheunert I.
Field and laboratory centrations in sockeye salmon (Onc!>rhynchus nerka) protocols for evaluating effects of potentially toxic exposed to low concentrations of copper (1978) — Cairns J. Jr. & Dickson K. L.
\ phia (1978) — Majewski H. S .• Klaverkamp J F. & Scott D. P.
Some monitoring and analytical Swedish Environmental Protection Board (1977) — Hasselrot T. B. (19751 Bioassay methods of the National Kleerekoper H.
Thre~holds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states (1977) — May, R.M.
The LevinS (1977) — Nixon S. W., Buckley B. A. & Heltsche J. F.
Pages Cairns. J . (1977) — John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. England. Neely. W. B.. and G. E. Blau
The influence of organic pollution on the dynamics of artificial island colonization by Protozoa (1977) — Kuhn, D. L. and Plafkin, J. L.
Befund der Schadwirkung wasser g(-fahrdt'uder Stoffc gegen Daphnia magna (Damaging and action of water pollutants to Daphnia magna) (1977) — Hringmann, G. and Kuhn, R.
Community structure of protozoan aud algae.· with particular emphasis on recently colonized bodies fJf watt·r (1977) — Maguire, B., Jr.
Biomonitormg with fish: an aid to 193-198 (1977) — Morgan W. S. G.
Thf~ dc·w·lopnwnt of the WRC wat<·r quality monitor using fist. (1977) — Frtthwaltr ProltJ?_nan C11mmunilitt 283 Millr.r, W. F.
Quantification of biological integrity (1977) — Cairns, J., Jr.
Diatom communities (1977) — Patrick, R.
A biological monitoring system employing rheo- (1973a) Developing biological information systems for taxis of fish (1977) — Besch W. K .• Kemball A .• Meyer-Waarden K. & Scharf B. Cairns J. Jr. Lanza G. R.• Sparks R. E. & Waller W. T.
Thresholds and breakpoints in eco- Schramm G (1977) — May R. M.
An automatic system for rapid detec- 6--8 (1977) — American Benthological Society, Roanoke, VA, April Poets C. L. M.
Experimental aquatic laboratory f•c:osystl'ms and com- munities (1977) — Cooke, G. D.
Experiment~l aquatic laboratory eco- National Technical Information Service (1977) — Cooke G. D.
Cytotoxicity ofsynthc•tic fuel product on Tetrnlzymena PJ'riformis (1977) — Shultz, T. W. and Dumont,.J. N.
NASA water monitor sys- Westlalce G (1977) — Taylor R. E.&: Jeffers E.
Aquatic-ecosystem assimilative capacity (1977) — Cairns J. Jr
Biological Monitoring of Water and EJ/luent Ellgaard E (1976) — Cairns J. Jr, Dickson K. L. & Westlake G. F. (Editors) Zool. 55. 1077-1081.
Toxic action of E;~am (1976)
The effects of methoxy- Ecosystems (1976) — Eisele P. J. & Hartung R.
15 U.S.C. SS 2601·2629 (1982) (1976) — Toxic Substances Control Act of
Heated wastewater effects on aquatic Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA (1976) — Cairns J. Jr
Distributaon and effects of cnv1ronmental !:.tress in fish (1976) — Mcintosh A. & Bishop W.
& Supp. IV 1980) (1976) — 15 U.S.C. SS 2601-2629
Summary. In Biological Monitoring of salmon (1976) — Cairns J. Jr
& Supp. IV 1980); 44 Fed (1976) — See 15 U.S.C. §S 2601-2629
The microcosm as a tool for estimation results from a soil/litter microcosm (1976) — Draggan S.
An on-line biological complex effluents (1976) — Brubaker J. H. & Moss J. R.
& Supp. IY.1980) (1976) — See 33 U.S.C. SS 301-304
fish. Acta physiol (1976) — Marais J. F .. Akers A. F. A. & Van Der Ryst P.
Effects of turbidity carpio) (1976) — Horkel J. D. & Pearson W. D.
pp. 47-53. f/9) Cairns, J., Jr., Hart, K (1975) — Cairns, J., Jr., and Plafkin, J. L., Archiv fuer Protistmlcunde, Vol. 117
Comments from a biologist to a D (1975) — Nelson N., Cairns J. Jr. Cairns T. L., Calvin L. D., Dinman Slobodkin L. B.
Principles/or Evalu- accumulation in river fishes (1975) — Wilson C. L. & Wilson J. G.
Increased opercular rates Ar.senal, U.S (1975) — Thomas R. E. & Rice S. D.
Development of a of an automated biological monitoring system at an cross pollution detector: field trials (1975) — Stroud K. C. G. &: Jones D. B.
Recovery of tropical lowland forest ecosystems (1975) — Oplcr, R. A., Baker, H. G., and Frankie, G. W.
"Plan- 284 J (1975) — Roanoke River Basin Comprehensive Water Resources Plan.
respiratory movements of aquatic insects (1975) — Hall J. W .. Arnold J. C .• Waller W. T. & Cairns J. Jr
A method for quantitative isolation and preparation of partid('-frt•f• susrwnsions of hactcr:iophagous ciliates from diffi~r<.·nt suh- st ra lc's li u· t·lt-ct nmi" <~quut ing (1975)
Con- 30 (1975) — Cairns J. Jr. Dickson K. L. & Westlake G. F.
"Communities and Ecosystems 2nd cd." MacmiJJan Publishing Co., Inc., New York (1975) — Whittaker, R. H.
Seasonal changes in the respiration of Cripe C (1975) — Burns J. R.
The determination ofthe rate constants ofisland coloniza- tion (1975) — Gilroy, D.
The threshold problem in ecosystems (1975) — Woodwell, G.M.
ciples of Ecotoxicolog}' (Edited by Butler G (1974) — Coutant C. C.. Ducharme H. M. Jr & Fisher J. R.
Oxygen con- organisms for detecting toxic materials in water (1974) — Waiwood K. G. &: Johansen P. H.
Community respiration of equatorial plankton (1974) — Ganf, G. G.
The seasonal and spatial distribution of some benthic ciliated Protozoa in Esthwaite Water (1974) — Gouldcr, R.
The effects of methoxychlor on aquatic Techno/ (1974) — Eisele P. J.
Detecting pollutants in wastewater rainbow trout Sc1imt• gairJnc•ri exposed to sublethal cn- and its application (1974) — Hargis J. R. fl976) Ventilati"n and metabolic rate of young Kitsutaka H.
A respir- Westlake G (1974) — Tackett D. L .. Giudice J. J. &: Raible R. W.
Stability and Complexity in Model Eco- (1978) Polychlorinated biphenyls: biological criteria for systems, 2nd edition (1974) — May R. M.
Measurir.g stress in STP 607 (Edited by Cairns J (1974) — Howard T. E. & Walden C. C.
·aims J. Jr. Dickson K (1974) — Waste Conf.• Purdue Univ. Engng Bull. 112, 14-28. Drummond R. A.• Olson G. F. & Batterman A. R.
The effect of zinc on the abihty of Cairns J (1974) — Bengtsson B. E.
The role of Protozoa in the activated sludge process (1973) — Curds, C. R.
Diffen·ntial sedimentation of pollen grains in lakc·s (1973) — Davis, M. H. anti Brubaker, 1.. B.
"The Biology of Protozoa'' (1973) — Sleigh, M.
Respiratory re- Callahan R (1973) — Brocksen R. W. & Bailey H. T.
The Rommel S (1973) — Maki A. W., Stewart K. W. & Silvey J. K. G.
Cardiac and respirat- ents using fish (1973) — Marvin D. Jr & D. T. Burton.
Elfcctofplwnolonalgac (1973) — Kostyaev, V. Ya.
Sublethal effects of bleached Kraft pulp Scientific Publications Ltd (1973) — Cairns J. Jr (197Sb) Quality control systems. In River Eco- emitting diodes. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 32, 1884-1886. logy (Edited by Whitten B. A.~ pp. 588-612. Blackwell's Davis J. C.
A simple method for monitor an inQ!strial effluent (1972) — Venables B. &: Smith E. N.
"Water Pollution Microbiology" .John Wiley & Sons, New York (1972) — Mitchell, R., cd.
Monitoring water pollution (1972) — Vivier A.
Some basic issues in water pollution control legislation (1972) — Westman, W.E.
as amended in 1977, the Clean (1972) — Originally Federal Water Pollution. Control Act of
A critical comparison of methods for Water and E.ffluent Quality (1972) — Heath A. G.
7 U.S.C., S 185 (1972 & Supp (1972) — Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended by the Federal En· vironmental Pesticide Control Act of
Selective predation by newts on frog mental Protection Agency..Office of Research and De-· tadpoles treated with DDT (1971) — Cooke A. S.
Model Arbor (1971) — Metcalf R. L., Sangha G. K. & Kapoor I. P.
Kraft mill effluents which affect fish respiration (1971) — Spoor W. A., Neiheisel T. W. & Drummond R. A.
The passive dis- persal of viable algae, protozoans, and fungi by aquatic arid terrestrial Col- eoptera (1971) — Milligcr, L. E., Stewart, K. \V., and Silvcy,J. K. G.
Colonization and succession of freshwater protozoans in polyurethane foam suspended in a small pond in North Carolina (1971) — Yongue, W. H.,Jr. and Cairns,J.,Jr.
Metabolism and evapo- Syst (1970) — Odum H. T. & Jordan C. F.
Biological and chemical significanceofsur- fac:t: microlaycrs in aquatic ecosystems (1970) — Parker, B. and Barson, G.
Biologi- .4m (1970) — Cairns J. Jr. Sparks R. E. & Waller W. T.
Not peace, but ecology (1969) — Hardin, G.
;CrowandTaub, 1979;TaubandCrow, 1981;.Tauheta/., 198l),but many arc not (1969) — Fr"llll'lllt1 Pmtn;:.oan f:omnm11111rl 'l.7i
A biological model of a freshwatt•r community: a gnoto- biotic ecosystem (1969) — Taub, F. B.
Avoidance of pesticides by untrained Ri\'er-Mayence Wiesbaden (1969) — Hansen D. J. {
Experimc·nta1zoogeography of islands (1969) — Simberloff, D. S. {
The importanct> of airborne algae· and Protozoa (1969) — Schlichting, H. E.,Jr.
Benthic ciliates in the profundal of Lake Orta (Northern Italy) (1969) — Ruggiu, D.
Effects of exercise on cardiac and sponses of biosensors to toxic spills (1969) — Sutterlin A. M.
The relative sensitivity of diatoms, snails, and fish to twenty common constituents of industrial wastes (1968) — Patrick, R., Cairns,J.,Jr., and Scheier, A.
Experim<~ntal ~oogeography of islands (1968) — Wilson, E. 0. and SimlwrlofT, D. S.
The relationship between species diversity and stability: an experimental approach with Pro- tozoa and bacteria (1968) — Lubin, M.D., Mathias,]., and Vandermeer,J. H.
Avoidance reactions or rainbow trout monitor the locomotor behavior of free-swimming aqua- to zinc sulphate solutions (1968) — Sprague J. B.
Avoidance reactions of salmonid fish water treatment (1968) — Sprague J. B.
A new method for collecting sessile ciliates in plastic petri dishes with tight-fitting lids ..Jouma/ '!f Proto~oology 14, 735-744 (1967) — Spoon, D. M. and Burhanck, W. D.
Changes in blood of the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous pressure, heart rate and breathing rate during moderate Material Spills (1967) — Stevens E. D. &: Randall D. J.
The pattern of autotrophic succf'ssion in laboratory microcosms (1967) — Cooke, G. D.
An ecological study of the ciliated Protozoa in activated sludge (1966) — Curds, C. R.
Long-term activity Kleerekoper H., Timms A.M .• Westlake G (1966) — Heusner A. A. & Enright J. T.
Scasl>nal changes in the '\tandard and protectors, but this may be too idealistic for the rate of oxygen consumption of fishes (1964)
Respi:-l'ltion of fishes with special emphasis on ~tandard llxygcn consumption (1964) — Beamish F. W. H.
Avoidance of copper-zinc solutions by 257-269 (1964) — Sprague J. B.
Meteorological conditions afft>cting thf" dis- persal of airborn(· algae and Protozoa (1964) — Schlichting, H. E., Jr.
The respin.tory metabolism and swim- quality (1964) — Brett J. R.
A preliminary Kleerekoper H .• Westlake G (1963) — Herbert D. W. M. & Shurben D. S.
The cannonical distribution of commonness and rarity (1962) — Preston, F. W.
The effects of thermal stratification on the distribution of benthic Protozoa in Esthwaite (1961) — Webb, M. C.:.
We must demonstrate that the response (end point) is useful for establishing limitations on the discharge of a substance or in the study of nonpoint source discharges (1960)
A quantitative method for the col- lection and measurement of stream periphyton (1960) — Grzenda, A. R. and Brehmer, M. L.
Competition for food between two carnivorous ciliates (1958) — Evans, F. R.
Ecological studies oft he planktonic ProttJt.oa of a small artificial pond (1958) — Bamforth, S. S.
Some factors in the life of free-living Protozoa (1957) — Kitching, J. A.
Reaction of ciliates to environmental f~l('tor (1956) — Stout, J. D.
An investigation of H\!nderson C (1956)
Toxicity of six <"hrmical com- pounds to 30 culturrs of algae (1956) — Maloney, T. E. and Palmer, C. !\f.
An ecological study of the microbcnthic fauna of two Minnesota lakes (1955) — Cole, G. A.
A new method for deter- mining the pattern of the diatom flora (1954) — Patrick, R., Hohn, M. H., and Wallace,J. H.
The reaction of fish to water of low Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1952)
Bio-assay for the evaluation of acute toxicity of industrial wastes to fish (1951) — Patrick R., Strong E.R., Surber E.W. and Van Horn W.M.
Aerial plankton and its conditions of life (1948) — Gislen, T.
the burning issue was whether biological testing had any role to play in pollution assessment (1948) — Concluding Remarks When I entered the field of pollution assessment in
The Evaluation of the Toxicity of Industrial wastes, Chemicals and-other Substances to Fresh Water Fishes (1945) — Hart, W.B., Dourdoroff P. and Greenban~J.
A limnological investigation of the microscopic benthic fauna of Douglas Lake, Michigan (1939) — Moore, G. M.
The protozoan scquf•nce in fiv<: plant infusions (1931) — Unger, W. B.
Wimperiti<~r od<·r Ciliata (lnfusionia) (1930) — Kahl, A.
The respiratory movements of fish as Biological monitorang Part I 1193 an indicator of a ll>Xic cn"ironment (1929)
Succession of Protozoa in c:ulturcs under controlled con- ditions (1928) — Eddy, S.
Ecological studies of the seasonal distributi(ln of Protozoa in a freshwater pond (1928) — Wang, C. C.
Observations on the ecology of the Protozoa (1917) — Hausman, L.A.
Race St., Philadelphia, Pa., 19103) (1916) — Chemical Substances to Aquatic Life, Copyright ASTM
article (23)
Hydrobiologia (1983)
Risk and Benefit in Environmental Law (1981) — Ricci & Moltan
EPA Policy for Testing Toxics (1981) — Deland
Science November 1981 issue (1981)
Clean Water Goals (1981) — Christman
Show 18 more article
The River Continuum Concept (1980) — Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., and Cushing, C. E.
Sampling and the Regulatory Maze in the United States (1980) — Schaeffer, Park, Kerster, & Janardan
Hazard Analysis in Toxic Materials Evaluation (1979) — Cairns, Jr. & Maki
The Ecological Factors that Produce Perturbation-Dependent Ecosystems (1979) — Vogl, R. J.
Water quality criteria (1978)
Heavy Metal Content of Plants Growing on Soils Contaminated by Lead Mining (1971) — Alloway, B. J. and Davies, B. E.
Bick (1971) — Bick
Curds (1966) — Curds
Bio-assay for the Evaluation of Acute Toxicity on Industrial Wastes to Fish (1951) — Doudoroff, P., Anderson, B. G., Burdick, G. E., Galtsoff, P. S., Hart, W. B., Patrick, R., Strong, E. R., Surber, E. W., and Van Horn, W. M.
A proposed Biological Measure of Stream Conditions, Based on a Survey of the Conestoga Basin, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (1949) — Patrick, R.
Patrick (1949) — Patrick
Preston (1948) — Preston
Barker (1946) — Barker
Picken (1937) — Picken
Lackey (1925) — Lackey
pioneer colonization of artificial substrates
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry — C.H. Ward
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING PART I--EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS — JOHN CAIRNS JR and W. H. VANDER SCHALIE
book (11)
Ecoaccidents (1985) — John Cairns, Jr.
Multispecies Toxicity Testing (1985) — John Cairns, Jr.
Modeling for Estimating the Fate of Chemicals in Aquatic Environments (1982) — Dickson, K. L., Maki, A. W., and Cairns, J. Jr.
Biotransformation and Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment (1980) — Maki, A. W., Dickson, K. L., and Cairns, J. Jr.
Analyzing the Hazard Evaluation Process (1979) — K. L. Dickson, A. Maki, and J. Cairns, Jr.
Show 6 more book
Ecology and Evolution of Communities (1975) — M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond
Sleigh (1973) — Sleigh
Noland and Gojdics (1967) — Noland and Gojdics
Kahl (1930) — Kahl
Pascher (1913) — Pascher
Environmental Hazard Assessment of Effluents — Harold L. Bergman, Richard A. Kimerie, Alan W. Maki
report (7)
Testing for Effects of Chemicals on Ecosystems (1981) — Cairns, J. Jr., Alexander, M., Cummins, K. W., Edmondson, W. T., Goldman, C. R., Harte, J., Hartung, R., Isensee, A. R., Levins, R., McCormick, J. F., Peterle, T. J., and Zar, J. H.
Munitions for Environmental Pollution Control (1977) — Committee on Human Resources
Principles for Evaluating Chemicals in the Environment (1975) — National Academy of Sciences
Federal Register (1974)
Water Quality Criteria 1972 (1973) — National Academy of Sciences
Show 2 more report
simple batch toxicity testing method (1945) — Hart et al.
The Evolution of the Toxicity of Industrial Wastes. Chemicals and Other Substances to Freshwater Fishes (1945) — Hart, W. B., Doudoroff, P., and Greenback, J.
legislation (4)
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (1976)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (1972)