Bagged flower nectar accumulation

Knowledge graph centered on Bagged flower nectar accumulation with 76 nodes and 203 connections. Top connected: Hummingbird, Bombus, Ipomopsis, Ligusticum porteri, Delphinium.

Method synopsis

Comprehensive measurement of floral traits (corolla dimensions, anther insertion, petal color, nectar production) and vegetative traits (specific leaf area, trichome density, water-use efficiency) on live plants in field conditions.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 43 papers using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Effects of experimental warming on floral scent, display and rewards in two subalpine herbs (2025), Annals of Botany. The protocol was originally introduced by Quantifying within-season floral trait distributions of flowers in Colorado Rocky Mountain sub-alpine dry meadows. (2015). Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Measure floral morphology
   Corolla length and width measured using dial calipers on 1-5 flowers per plant, 7-31 days after OTC deployment on I. aggregata plants (46 plants, 19 and 31 days after OTC deployment) and 31 I. tenuituba plants. Measurements taken on same flowers used for volatile sampling when possible. Additional measurements included total of damaged and non-aborted fruits and inflorescence height recorded weekly.
   Quantities: 275 flowers measured total (I. aggregata and I. tenuituba combined), 1-5 flowers per plantDuration: Single measurements per flower, taken 7-31 days after OTC deploymentConditions: Measurements on plants used for volatile sampling when possible
   Equipment: dial calipers
2. Assess nectar production and concentration
   Nectar volume quantified with microcapillary tubes and sucrose concentration measured with hand-held refractometer on elongated unopened flower buds 48 h after excluding pollinators from buds. 12 plants measured, one or two flowers per plant in total. Nectar assessed by excluding pollinators from elongated buds using bent plastic straw covering.
   Quantities: 12 plants total, 1-2 flowers per plant measured for nectarDuration: Single measurement 48 hours after pollinator exclusionConditions: Measurements on unopened elongated flower buds after 48h pollinator exclusion

Typical Equipment

• measurement tools for corolla dimensions
• reflectance measurement equipment
• nectar measurement tools
• leaf gas exchange equipment
• tools for SLA measurement
• microscopy equipment for trichome density

Output Measurements

• corolla length
• corolla width
• anther insertion
• petal color
• nectar production
• specific leaf area
• trichome density
• water-use efficiency

Papers Using This Protocol (43)

Species Studied With This Protocol