Endmember splitting and mixing analysis

Knowledge graph centered on Endmember splitting and mixing analysis with 75 nodes and 184 connections. Top connected: snowpack persistence, groundwater storage dynamics, evapotranspiration, air temperature, Variability of Snow and Rainfall Partitioning Into.

Method synopsis

Uses stable isotope ratios (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) of precipitation and streamflow to quantify the relative contributions of snow versus rain to streamflow and evapotranspiration through endmember mixing and splitting analyses.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 4 papers using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Stream water sourcing from high-elevation snowpack inferred from stable isotopes of water: a novel application of d-excess values (2024), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Stream water sampling
   Stream water samples collected from East River at Pumphouse location and Gunnison River sites. East River sampling occurred at daily to fortnightly frequency, with gap in April 2018. Gunnison River sampling done weekly to fortnightly between November and April during water years 2021 and 2022.
   Quantities: Daily to fortnightly sampling at East River Pumphouse, weekly to fortnightly at Gunnison sitesDuration: Continuous from 2014 to 2022 for East River, 2020-2022 for GunnisonConditions: Year-round sampling with occasional higher (3 d) or lower (15 d) frequency
   Equipment: water sampling bottles, sampling equipment for stream collection

Typical Equipment

• Model 3700 automatic samplers (Teledyne ISCO, NE, USA)
• 2-cm mineral oil pre-filled bottles
• 0.45-μm PVDF membrane filters (EMD Millipore Corp.)
• Picarro L2130-i
• Los Gatos Research Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer

Output Measurements

• fraction of snow in streamflow
• fraction of rain in streamflow
• fraction partitioning to evapotranspiration

Papers Using This Protocol (4)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used