Phenology-based sampling schedule

Knowledge graph centered on Phenology-based sampling schedule with 47 nodes and 141 connections. Top connected: Two-form Bumble Bee, Bumble Bees, Yellow-fronted Bumble Bee, Buff-tailed Bumble Bee, Golden-belted Bumble Bee.

Method synopsis

Sampling timing synchronized across continental scale using tree swallow breeding phenology with three key periods: egg laying, hatching, and nestling development. Regression model used to predict timing at sites without local swallow data.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 1 paper using this protocol.

Procedure as described in the canonical source

Steps below were extracted from the paper that introduces this protocol — Extensive regional variation in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature across North America (2023), Ecology. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Determine sampling dates
   Used three phenological periods based on tree swallow breeding biology: (1) laying date (typically late May), (2) hatch date (typically 13-14 days after clutch completed, early June), (3) nestling day 12 (12 days post-hatch, late June). For locations lacking swallow breeding data, used regression equation based on latitude, longitude and elevation: laying_date = -23.024 + 1.118 × decimal_latitude + 0.012 × decimal_longitude + 0.0111 × elevation_m
   Quantities: 35 study populations for equation (p < 0.001, F₃,₃₁ = 11.45), explaining 52% of variation. Average starting dates: 18 May laying, 2-12 June hatching, 14-23 June nestlingDuration: Each phenological period lasted 3 daysConditions: Based on tree swallow reproductive phenology timing
   Equipment: Regression equation for sites lacking swallow data

Typical Equipment

• Regression equation for sites lacking swallow data

Output Measurements

• standardized sampling dates
• phenological timing

Papers Using This Protocol (1)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used