Precipitation-Modeling Runoff System

Knowledge graph centered on Precipitation-Modeling Runoff System with 75 nodes and 188 connections. Top connected: snowpack persistence, groundwater storage dynamics, precipitation, Efficiency of the Summer Monsoon in Generating Str, snow water equivalent.

Method synopsis

Daily water and energy budget modeling at 100-m grid resolution using the US Geological Survey Precipitation-Modeling Runoff System (PRMS) with climate forcing from SNOTEL stations and LiDAR snow observations. Tracks atmosphere-soil-groundwater-river interactions over 33-year historical period.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 4 papers using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Modeling snow dynamics and stable water isotopes across mountain landscapes (2022), Geophysical Research Letters. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Run hydrologic model simulation
   Execute PRMS hydrologic model at 100m grid resolution tracking water and energy daily through atmosphere, canopy and subsurface. Daily climate forcing assigns minimum and maximum temperature lapse rates based on two local snow-telemetry stations adjusted for aspect
   Quantities: 100m grid resolution, daily timestepsDuration: Daily simulation covering study periodConditions: Based on local snow-telemetry station data with aspect adjustments
   Equipment: PRMS modeling system, snow-telemetry stations, airborne LiDAR
2. Execute isotope mass balance model
   Track δ18O entering soil system as snowmelt or rain when SWE=0, expanded to include δ2H and d-excess. Model follows Ala-aho et al. (2017) approach using hydrologic model output for each timestep and grid location
   Quantities: Tracks 3 isotope parameters (δ2H, δ18O, d-excess)Duration: Same temporal resolution as hydrologic modelConditions: Applied when snow water equivalent equals zero
   Equipment: isotope analysis equipment
3. Calibrate isotope model parameters
   Isotope parameters related to fractionation estimated using Monte Carlo approach with uniform input distributions and 1,000 realizations. Final parameter suite determined from average of 10-best realizations with lowest composite RMSE

Typical Equipment

• PRMS hydrologic modeling system
• SNOTEL weather stations

Output Measurements

• daily streamflow
• snow water equivalent
• evapotranspiration
• soil moisture
• groundwater

Papers Using This Protocol (4)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used