Multi-method bedrock geophysical characterization

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Method synopsis

Integrated approach combining borehole drilling with comprehensive geophysical logging including NMR, electrical resistivity, temperature, and electromagnetic measurements to characterize subsurface bedrock properties.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 1 paper using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Surface parameters and bedrock properties covary across a mountainous watershed: Insights from machine learning and geophysics (2022), Science Advances. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Borehole drilling and core recovery
   Four boreholes were drilled using rotary drilling with core recovery throughout the Mancos Shale formation. Borehole GLS1 reached 33 m depth with about 20 m of lacustrine deposits overlying the Mancos Shale. GUMT reached upper watershed depth. PLM7 and PLM8 were drilled to approximately 20-29 m depth in the lower watershed with less than 2 m of soil cover.
   Quantities: 4 boreholes total, depths of 20-33 m, with GLS1 at 33 m, PLM7 and PLM8 at 20-29 mDuration: Not specifiedConditions: Drilled entirely within Mancos Shale formation except GLS1 which had lacustrine deposits
   Equipment: rotary drilling system, core recovery equipment
2. Borehole geophysical logging
   Comprehensive geophysical logging performed including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pore fluid conductivity, temperature, electrical resistivity, electromagnetic induction, spectral gamma, and flow meter tests. NMR measurements used Vista Clara Javelin system with T2 relaxation time distribution analysis. Temperature and electrical conductivity measured with Mount Sopris instruments.
   Quantities: All 4 boreholes logged, NMR at 1-m intervals, temperature and conductivity measurements throughoutDuration: Not specifiedConditions: In-hole measurements after drilling completion
   Equipment: Vista Clara Javelin system, Mount Sopris instruments, electromagnetic induction tools, spectral gamma tools, flow meters

Typical Equipment

• rotary drilling system
• Vista Clara Javelin system
• Mount Sopris instruments
• electromagnetic induction tools

Output Measurements

• electrical resistivity
• hydraulic conductivity
• effective porosity
• fracture density
• pore fluid conductivity

Papers Using This Protocol (1)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used