quantitative genetic evolutionary model (Pieridae)

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Method synopsis

Transplant butterflies between high and low elevation sites to quantify differences in flight initiation timing and thermal sensitivity across elevation gradients using caged trials.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 5 papers using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Morphological and physiological determinants of local adaptation to climate in Rocky Mountain butterflies (2016), Conservation Physiology. The protocol was originally introduced by Fine-Grained Distribution of a Non-Native Resource Can Alter the Population Dynamics of a Native Consumer (2015), PloS one. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Establish reciprocal transplant sites
   Set up reciprocal transplant experiments at two sites: low-elevation Olathe (1600m) and high-elevation Mesa Seco (3300-3600m). At each site, place 24 open-bottomed cages on top of vegetation in areas sheltered from direct wind. Cages were cylinders 30 cm in diameter and 60 cm tall, constructed of SeeVue window screen topped with bridal veil and positioned using wooden tent staples.
   Quantities: 24 cages per site, 30 cm diameter, 60 cm tallDuration: Experiments repeated five times on different days in July and August 2012Conditions: Prior to local sunrise, with cages checked every 2 minutes until spontaneous flight initiation
   Equipment: SeeVue window screen, bridal veil, wooden tent staples
2. Conduct reciprocal transplant trials
   Transport 12 C. eriphyle from Olathe to Mesa Seco (from 3300 and 3600m) and 12 C. meadii from Mesa Seco to Olathe. Place single animals in cages at bottom of each enclosure prior to local sunrise. Record time of spontaneous flight initiation when butterflies were capable of flight and willing to begin flying. Cage checks performed every 2 minutes.
   Quantities: 12 individuals per species per trial, 24 total cagesDuration: Individual trials lasted from sunrise until flight initiation, repeated 5 timesConditions: Animals held at -3°C until start of assay then placed in tent center before local sunrise

Typical Equipment

• SeeVue window screen
• bridal veil
• wooden tent staples
• cylindrical cages

Output Measurements

• flight initiation time
• proportion initiating flight
• body temperature at flight

Papers Using This Protocol (5)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used