focal animal sampling (Cervidae)

Knowledge graph centered on focal animal sampling (Cervidae) with 70 nodes and 185 connections. Top connected: Marmota flaviventris, Ipomopsis, Ligusticum porteri, I. aggregata, Ipomopsis aggregata.

Method synopsis

Controlled experiment using feeding stations paired with predator scent cues to test antipredator behavioral responses. Individual feeding times are recorded to quantify vigilance behavior in response to predator odors.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 6 papers using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade (2014), Naturwissenschaften. The protocol was originally introduced by Antipredatory response of mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) to predator urines (2005). Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Test deer behavioral response to coyote urine
   In summer 2011, researchers placed a feed block (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO, USA) at each of two locations near the townsite. After deer discovered the blocks (2 days), blocks were covered and unavailable to deer except during observations. At each observation, a 10-cm diameter Petri dish containing 10 mL of Terra-sorb hydrogel mixed with 15 mL of either deionized water or coyote urine (PredatorPee.com) was placed next to the block. Treatments were alternated between successive 2-h observations at each site. Researchers recorded the time each individual deer spent feeding during the first 10 minutes after it had approached within 10 m of the feed block, focusing on does because few bucks approached the blocks.
   Quantities: 2 feed block locations, 10-cm diameter Petri dishes, 10 mL hydrogel + 15 mL treatment solution, 10-minute observation periods per individual deer, 10-meter approach distance thresholdDuration: 2-hour observation periods, observations began 2 days after deer discovered blocksConditions: Summer 2011, alternating treatments between observation periods
   Equipment: Purina Mills feed blocks, Petri dishes, Terra-sorb hydrogel, coyote urine, stopwatch, binoculars

Typical Equipment

• Purina Mills feed blocks
• Petri dishes
• Terra-sorb hydrogel
• coyote urine
• stopwatch

Output Measurements

• feeding duration
• vigilance behavior

Papers Using This Protocol (7)

Species Studied With This Protocol