Literature search and data collection
Collected all studies cited in Table 1 of Hollen & Radford (2009) review paper. Searched Web of Science database using specific keyword combinations: 'age', 'sex', 'juvenile', 'alarm call', 'playback', 'response', 'vigilance', 'antipredator', and 'foraging'. 'Alarm call' was always included as search term combined with subject terms (age, sex, juvenile) and/or study terms (playback, response, vigilance, antipredator, predator, foraging).
Quantities: Initial search yielded 363 results. Final sample included 17 studies with publication dates ranging from 1980 to 2009.Duration: Not specifiedConditions: Not applicable - literature search
Equipment: Web of Science database, isiknowledge.com
Study selection and inclusion criteria
Focused analysis on mammalian responses to conspecific alarm calls as this class included largest number of comparable studies. Eliminated studies that focused on single age class, observed/anecdotally discussed age or sex differences without statistical tests, or did not report test statistics or descriptive statistics.
Quantities: 17 studies met inclusion criteria comparing male vs. female (9 studies, 1989-2009) and/or young vs. adult responsesDuration: Not specifiedConditions: Not applicable
Data extraction and coding
For each study, recorded: year of publication, authors, study species, population type (free-living or captive/provisioned), measurement type (time allocation, flee response, or response categorized into broad behaviors), origin of stimulus (playback or natural), age class of caller (young or adult as defined by sexual maturity), sample size, test statistics and/or p values.