Virtual park bird disturbance simulation

Knowledge graph centered on Virtual park bird disturbance simulation with 17 nodes and 52 connections. Top connected: Inter-specific variation in avian responses to hum, flush early and avoid the rush (FEAR) hypothesis, Cervus elaphus, Raptors, flight initiation distance.

Method synopsis

Computer simulation modeling bird foraging behavior and responses to human pedestrian disturbance in a virtual park environment with manipulated detection distances, flight initiation distances, and pedestrian rates.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 1 paper using this protocol.

Procedure as described in the canonical source

Steps below were extracted from the paper that introduces this protocol — Inter-specific variation in avian responses to human disturbance (2005), Journal of Applied Ecology. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Simulation model setup
   Created virtual park of 500×500m bisected by single path running east to west. At start of each replicate 'season' of 180 days, 10,000 food items placed randomly throughout park where they remained until eaten by bird or season completed. Virtual birds programmed to respond differently to human disturbance based on five manipulated parameters.
   Quantities: 500×500m virtual park, 10,000 food items per season, 10 virtual birds tracked per replicate, 180-day seasonsDuration: Each simulation run for 180-day seasonConditions: Virtual environment with controlled parameters
   Equipment: Computer simulation model, SAS 6.0 statistical software
2. Bird movement simulation
   Simulated foraging movements using biased random walk model. Movement patterns simulated using correlated random walk with β = 2 arctan[(1 − ρ)/(1 + ρ)] tan(Ψ) where β is random angle, ρ is degree of correlation between successive steps (0.95 unless foraging success changed behaviour), and Ψ is uniform distribution of angles between −90° and 90°.
   Quantities: Correlation coefficient ρ = 0.95, angle range -90° to 90°, foraging range constant at 1mDuration: Continuous during 180-day simulation periodConditions: Virtual environment conditions
   Equipment: Mathematical model with correlated random walk equations

Typical Equipment

• Computer simulation model
• SAS 6.0 statistical software
• Mathematical model with correlated random walk equations

Output Measurements

• food items consumed
• distance from path to food consumed
• times pedestrians passed within detection distance
• time spent latent

Papers Using This Protocol (1)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used