Comparative anesthesia efficacy testing in amphibians

Knowledge graph centered on Comparative anesthesia efficacy testing in amphibians with 15 nodes and 40 connections. Top connected: Ambystoma mavortium, Ambystoma macrodactylum, facultative paedomorphosis, Ambystoma talpoideum, Ambystoma maculatum.

Method synopsis

Standardized protocol for comparing anesthetic effectiveness by measuring induction and recovery times in salamanders using righting reflex as the endpoint. Animals are immersed in anesthetic solution until loss of righting reflex, then monitored through recovery phases.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 1 paper using this protocol.

Procedure as described in the canonical source

Steps below were extracted from the paper that introduces this protocol — An evaluation of MS-222 and benzocaine as anesthetics for metamorphic and paedomorphic tiger salamanders (<i>Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum</i>) (2006), Amer Midl Nat. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Anesthetic solution preparation
   MS-222 solution was prepared by dissolving 0.2 g of MS-222 into 1000 ml of aged water to create 0.02% concentration. Benzocaine was first dissolved in 10 ml of 95% ethanol and then added to 990 ml of aged water to create 0.02% concentration. Solutions were prepared fresh for each experiment.
   Quantities: 0.2 g MS-222 per 1000 ml water, benzocaine in 10 ml ethanol diluted to 990 ml water, final concentration 0.02% for bothDuration: Prepared fresh for each trialConditions: Room temperature (20-22°C)
   Equipment: Sigma-Aldrich MS-222, Sigma-Aldrich benzocaine, 95% ethanol, aged water, measuring equipment
2. Container setup
   For each individual, two rectangular plastic containers (approx. 20 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm) were used, one with 1 l anesthetic treatment and one with 1 l aged water. Solutions were rinsed multiple times and filled with new solution or water.
   Quantities: 2 containers per animal, 1 liter solution per container, containers approximately 20 cm × 10 cm × 5 cmDuration: Setup before each trialConditions: Room temperature (20-22°C), containers cleaned thoroughly
   Equipment: rectangular plastic containers, aged water
3. Anesthesia induction testing
   At the beginning of each trial, a salamander was placed in its respective anesthetic solution such that it was completely submersed. A stopwatch was used to record induction time, defined as the time required for the animal to fail to execute a righting reflex after being turned on its back. Animals were observed constantly during immersion.

Typical Equipment

• Sigma-Aldrich MS-222
• Sigma-Aldrich benzocaine
• rectangular plastic containers
• aged water
• stopwatch

Output Measurements

• induction time
• initial recovery time
• final recovery time
• mass change

Papers Using This Protocol (1)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used