Protocols

Measuring precipitation (snow and rain) from May through July to quantify water content.

Recording dates of capture and ages of prairie dog victims captured by individual American badger.

Mapping and zonation based on Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical clustering of site locations.

Site spectra collected with palm grip attachment using 8° field-of-view foreoptic with sun as illumination source.

Future climate simulation method using ERA-Interim reanalysis plus ensemble mean climate delta from RCP 8.5 scenario.

Analysis of DOM data to infer biochemical transformations using methods from Garayburu-Caruso et al., 2020. Identifies patterns in DOM molecular diversity across watersheds.

Demonstration of using Python Client for HydroShare to import and manage reservoir data.

Systematic evaluation of data quality and calibration survey results for acquired remote sensing data.

R code implementation for running transmission model analyses.

Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System methods used to survey channel cross-sections and document channel geometry. Cross-sections were re-surveyed to document changes over time.

Quantification of radon-222 concentrations using RAD7 instrument with closed loop sparging system and counting periods.

Python-based analysis combining field sampling and remote sensing data to estimate spatial distribution of soil thickness.

Statistical analysis using subset of main data to assess repeatability of measurements.

Assessment of resprouting ability in single-stemmed and multi-stemmed woody species after disturbance.

Construction of low-tech structures in riparian areas to raise water table and improve baseflows.

Spatially Continuous Riverbank Erosion and Accretion Measurements (SCREAM) software used to analyze channel masks and create centerlines and change area rasters.

Scanning electron microscopy with cathodoluminescence imaging for characterizing zircon internal structure.

Genotyping using a panel of 384 candidate-gene single nucleotide polymorphisms putatively associated with adaptive traits.

Surface Quantitative Precipitation Estimate product development using ARM-supported radar for snowfall quantification.

Numerical model used to simulate reservoir operation using upstream discharges and sediment rating curves.

SUMMA model simulation using downscaled forcings from the WUS-D3 dataset of downscaled CMIP6 GCMS for surface hoar study.

Method using salt tracer to measure instantaneous stream discharge in headwater streams.

Sample preparation with 2% nitric acid dilution and rigorous quality assurance and quality control processes including blanks, standards, and calibration.

Composite gridded-image derived from 8-km resolution SST observations collected by AVHRR and HIRS instruments onboard NOAA and Metop-A satellites, generated every 48 hours for North America at 14 km r...

Network allowing investigations across gradients in elevation, fluvial geomorphology, vegetation, water quality and bedrock composition including experimental manipulations.

Examination of collected substrates to evaluate particle loading, morphology, and spatial distribution.

Hyporheic sediment and sediment from planted control soil columns were sampled on a seasonal basis.

Marine scientists assign flags to data sets and WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values during secondary quality control.

Intensive archaeological reconnaissance survey of 875 acres to record prehistoric sites and isolated finds using systematic ground survey methods.

Sediment samples collected in 15-cm increments using 5 cm diameter soil core sampler with slide hammer, then 8.3 cm diameter bucket auger after reaching coarse alluvium.

Laboratory analysis of collected aeolian sediment samples to determine dust mass and horizontal flux.

Development of sediment rating curves to characterize sediment transport in the reservoir system.

Seed-burial and greenhouse germination experiments to estimate seed bank-related vital rates including seed germination and stasis.

Data ranges for each sensor type were filtered based on a combination of sensor specifications and assumed reasonable values.

Soil samples extracted into exchangeable, apatite, and silicate pools using different chemical solutions to isolate nutrient sources.

R code implementation for normalizing methylation data from the Mammalian Methylation Consortium.

Flow lines derived in GRASS GIS using a single direction algorithm from hydrologically corrected digital elevation model to delineate watersheds draining at least 512000 square meters.

Four-stage aerosol collector (STAC) that separates particles into distinct aerodynamic size fractions with different cut-off diameters for size- and time-resolved sampling.

Sequential filtration at 0.45, 0.22, and 0.02 micrometers to distinguish particulate, colloidal, and dissolved fractions.

Thermistor chain with 2 cm spacing configured for terrestrial snowpack to measure continuous snow temperature profiles. Chain installed suspended from tripod with heating cycles to measure temperature...

Continuous hourly monitoring of meteorological variables including wind, temperature, humidity, snowpack depth, and radiation components using tower-mounted instrumentation.

Weekly collection of snowmelt at five locations using modified version of Kormos (2005) method, beginning April 1 until full melt achieved.

Experimental enrichment of floral nectar with sodium using paired plant design with control and sodium-enriched treatments. Applied artificial nectar solutions containing 0.5% NaCl to flowers.

Refactoring of climate modeling software by moving Fortran code to external companion packages while maintaining a pure Python core package.

Excavation of soil pits and installation of sensors at 5, 15, and 50 cm depths with proper soil horizon replacement.

Remote sensing analysis using Landsat Red and Green bands calculated as (Red - Green) / (Red + Green) to characterize soil properties.

Visualization of soil texture data using soiltexture package in R.

NASA funded solar sail technology demonstration mission conducted by L'Garde Inc. for approximately one year to test solar sail propulsion technology.

Sample pre-treatment method using PPL cartridges (Bond Elut) after acidifying samples to pH 2 with phosphoric acid to extract organic compounds.

Computational method for extracting velocity measurements from time-series image data.