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Climate change may affect individuals within a species differently dependent on sex, leading to skewed sex ratios. This paper considers the effect of mating environment on seed production in the dioecious plant species, Valeriana edulis. The study was conducted in female dominated populations where there could be sex ratio-mediated pollen limitation. We assessed five candidate indices describing the mating environment around focal females as predictors of focal female seed set including: density, pollen availability, pollen context with and without competition and sex-ratio. We also describe the daytime pollinators of V. edulis using pollen load counts. Plant density and pollen context were the best predictors of seed set individually and when combined into a single model. Sex-ratio did not have a significant effect on seed set though it is often used as the only factor to describe mating environment. We argue that mating environment should be quantified rather than assumed and suggest that future studies trace the effect of robustly characterized mating environments to population dynamics. Chicas-Mosier 3
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