Concepts

Streambed and boggy areas around streams as well as uphill water flows that are critical regions for DOC concentrations

Biogeochemically active zones in riparian floodplains where enhanced nitrogen transformations occur due to groundwater-surface water interactions

Use of infrared technology to measure surface temperatures of objects

Statistical model accounting for both fixed and random effects to analyze hierarchical or repeated measures data

Geometric ground formations created by freeze-thaw processes in alpine environments

Period required for sagebrush to recover to pre-fire conditions after burning

Safety procedures including isolation, testing, and capacity restrictions to enable field research during pandemic