Concepts

Physical and thermodynamic processes that alter snowpack isotopic composition after initial deposition, including sublimation, vapor exchange, and melt-freeze cycles

The integrated biogeochemical, hydrological, and ecological processes that control water, energy, and nutrient cycling within a watershed

The degree to which a watershed can rebound after perturbations to predicted increases in climate variability

Physical processes that create fractures in subsurface bedrock, enabling geogenic elements to enter rivers and biogeochemical cycles

Phenomenon where distant seismic events can trigger local fracturing or seismic activity through propagating seismic waves