Concepts

Breeding birds must balance energy allocation between reproduction and survival, with parasites forcing energy towards immune response rather than reproductive traits

The temporal progression and patterns of disease spread through host populations

Activity of enzymes secreted by soil microorganisms that catalyze decomposition of organic matter and provide assimilable carbon and nitrogen compounds

F-statistics (FIS, FST, FIT) measuring genetic differentiation and inbreeding at different hierarchical levels

The slope of peak NDVI as a linear function of the June Palmer Drought Severity Index, representing plant productivity responses to early growing season drought conditions

Analytical technique combining gas chromatography separation with mass spectrometry identification for analyzing volatile compounds

Limitations on evolutionary divergence imposed by genetic architecture and patterns of genetic covariation

Improvement in population fitness through the introduction of new genetic material

Computational identification and labeling of genes and other functional elements in genome sequences

Forward movement of ice sheets that leave behind terminal moraines and other glacial deposits

Changes in social behavior and group dynamics that result from variation in the number of individuals in a social group

Fragmented vegetation structure affecting bird population abundances and foraging opportunities

Preserved plant specimens that are picked in the field, pressed flat, dried and attached to archival-grade paper with relevant information recorded, then stored in climate-controlled cabinets

Lower than expected frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population

The excretion of sugar-rich liquid waste by herbivorous hemipterans feeding on plant sap

Reduced fitness in F2 hybrids compared to F1 hybrids, often attributed to genetic incompatibilities between nuclear genes

High spatial resolution climate modeling at sub-kilometer scales for hydrological applications

Different trajectory of C-Q relationships during rising and falling limbs of hydrographs that indicate differences in timing of hydrological response from surface and subsurface compartments

Physiological responses of the immune system to pathogens, trauma, stress and inflammation

Measure of the level of inbreeding within a population, with values close to 1.0 indicating high levels of inbreeding

Automated algorithms for identifying and delineating individual trees from LiDAR point cloud data

Computational model that simulates individual organisms and their life histories to understand population-level patterns

Measures of early-life performance that may predict later survival and reproductive success

The most recent period in Earth's history (~116-130 ka) when temperatures were persistently warmer than today, specifically the Eemian period at 125 ka

Sampling methods that result in the death of collected organisms, potentially affecting population abundance and community structure

Environmental gradient of light availability from open sun through intermediate shade to deep shade habitats

The proportion of male versus female offspring in a litter affecting prenatal hormone exposure