Concepts

Statistical method that estimates parameters by maximizing the likelihood function of observed data

Environmental contamination by heavy metals from mining activities affecting freshwater ecosystems

Total amount of living microbial tissue in soil measured as carbon and nitrogen content

Molecular technique using highly polymorphic DNA markers to assess genetic relationships among individuals

DNA sequences that can move or be transferred between different positions within genomes or between genomes

Rate of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site normalized by synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (dN/dS)

Statistical phenomenon where predictor variables are correlated, potentially masking individual effects in regression analysis

Assumes that antipredator adaptations evolve together and thus prey may respond to extinct predators as long as they have experience with other predators.

Measurements spanning multiple spatial and temporal scales within a watershed

Life history characteristics related to where and how bees construct their nests, categorized as above-ground or below-ground

Combined impact of multiple predators differs from the sum of their individual effects, can be greater or less than additive

Study of how organisms obtain and use nutrients and how nutrition affects fitness

An individual's development from egg to adult

Theory stating that pollinator visitation rates are higher in areas of higher floral density while in sparse populations pollinators switch between plants less frequently

Distance range that maximizes pollen fertilization success and offspring survival

Loss of ovules to unfit heterospecific pollen that successfully reaches and occupies ovules but fails to produce viable offspring

Statistical modeling approach using spectral reflectance measurements to extrapolate functional trait values

Species best suited for the environment that make up most of the vegetation in early successional stages

Percentage of leaf area affected by pathogen symptoms including powdery mildew, rust, and other fungal diseases

Mechanism where state and behavior mutually reinforce each other, measured as positive correlation between individual intercept and slope in random regression models.

Period required for sagebrush to recover to pre-fire conditions after burning

Statistical method used to identify the structuring factors driving life-history variation and to detect slow-fast continuum patterns

Chemical compounds overproduced by queens compared to workers that potentially regulate worker reproduction

Oxygen-containing reactive molecules with considerable environmental importance due to their high reactivity in mediating redox transformations

The proportion of variance in a trait that is explained by individual identity, indicating consistency of individual differences over time and across situations

The distribution of limited resources among competing physiological functions such as growth, reproduction, and defense

The abundance or availability of resources in a given area