Concepts

The hypothesis that parent-offspring conflicts can arise when host plants that maximize larval performance differ from plants that increase adult longevity and egg production

Theoretical framework positing natural selection simultaneously occurs at multiple levels of biological organization, and at levels other than only the gene

Random changes in allele frequencies due to sampling effects

The tendency for species to retain ancestral ecological requirements rather than evolving new ones

Correlations between boldness and an individual's willingness to face risk for food, linked to growth rate

The influence of parasites on sexually selected traits and mate choice decisions

A specialized egg-laying apparatus that surmounts host plant physical defences and may be evolutionarily labile, allowing access to plant interior for herbivorous insects

The length of the floral landing platform for pollinators, measured from the split of fused petals to the end of the platform

Major driver of speciation involving increases in ploidy level, with 15% of angiosperms and 30% of ferns arising through ploidy level variation

Bee social organization with multiple broods per year, cooperative breeding, and castes, but with small morphological differences between castes compared to fully eusocial species.

The degree to which alarming aerial stimuli must elicit 'aerial alarm calls' and alarming terrestrial stimuli must elicit 'terrestrial alarm calls'

Acceleration of gonad development which becomes functional at a significantly younger age than the usual onset of maturity in metamorphs

Difference in genetic relatedness that workers have to brothers versus sisters due to haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera

Insects with extended parental behavior intermediate between extremely social and extremely asocial species

Theoretical framework predicting optimal investment in male versus female offspring based on relatedness asymmetries in social insects

Any situation in which one sex function directly decreases the success of the other sex function

The hypothesis that social structure influences the evolution of individually distinctive communication signals

Continuous variation in style length within and among M. fusiformis populations, categorized as long-styled vs short-styled morphs

Quantitative framework predicting that parameters influencing survival, mate encounter probability, or time available to mate affect female mating decisions

Competing advantages where hermaphrodites have higher resource demands but also reproductive assurance through self-fertilization, while females allocate resources more efficiently to seed production ...

Presence of both long-winged and short-winged morphs within a species, related to dispersal-reproduction tradeoffs