Behaviors that reduce the likelihood of predation, including vigilance and evasion tactics
Plant fitness measured through various components including fruit set, seed production, and seeds per plant
Survival of organisms through winter diapause or dormancy, often related to environmental conditions during overwintering
The study of how animals search for and utilize food resources in their environment
The concept that organisms face competing demands for limited resources during development that create trade-offs between different fitness components
Reduced seed set resulting from insufficient pollen receipt, particularly affecting females when hermaphrodite density and frequency increases
Selection where individual fitness depends on the local frequency rather than global frequency, creating population structure with groups varying in genetic and phenotypic composition