Concepts

Complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria capable of carrying out both ammonia oxidation to nitrite and nitrite oxidation to nitrate steps

Predictable linear mixing behavior of chemical constituents between two water sources without reaction or loss

Chemical compounds formed when chlorine or other oxidants react with organic matter in water during drinking water treatment

Microbial reduction of metal oxides and oxyhydroxides where metals serve as electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration

Areas where high rates of reactants are exported into receiving streams during hydrologic events

Daily fluctuations in dissolved oxygen and iron concentrations driven by photosynthesis, respiration, and temperature changes

The roles that invertebrates play in the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients in wetlands

Formation of chemical sedimentary rocks through evaporation of saline waters leading to precipitation of minerals like gypsum and halite

Enzymes produced by microorganisms that catalyze oxidation reactions outside the cell, including laccase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase

Iron and manganese recovered by acid extraction, indicating metals available for microbial electron transport processes

Quantitative measure of the sensitivity of weathering rates to changes in atmospheric CO2, characterized by 1st and 2nd order components

Poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxide mineral nanoparticles that are typically the first solid Fe oxyhydroxide phase to form upon oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron

A simplified kinetic model where reaction rates are proportional to the concentration of a single reactant

Quantitative measurement of the relative amounts of different organic functional groups (carbonyl, aliphatic, amide, quinonic, aromatic, phenolic, polysaccharide) in soil organic matter

Nitrogen derived from weathering of nitrogen-bearing geological formations such as marine shales

Organisms with higher growth rates require greater cellular concentration of ribosomes and have greater tissue RNA content