Concepts

Differential responses between sexes to environmental variation potentially creating imbalance in the frequency of males and females

Unexpected or sudden changes over time in time series, representing shifts in temporal patterns of meteorological variables

Increases in summer temperature over time periods relevant to vegetation monitoring studies

Temperature range over which feeding rate is 80% of maximum rate, indicating thermal generalization

Slope of the relationship between Tleaf and Tair as both vary over time (β = ∂Tleaf/∂Tair)

Theory that host susceptibility to pathogens increases as environmental conditions become less favorable for the host

The range of ambient temperatures within which an organism can maintain body temperature without metabolic cost, ranging from 10-25°C for adult marmots

A type of range shift where the trailing edge of a species distribution contracts, losing habitat at the rear of the range

Directional changes in plant community composition, abundance, and structure in tundra ecosystems over time

A quantitative measure of forest growth sensitivity to climate change based on correlations between historical growth and climate data

Snow redistribution by wind from exposed areas into avalanche starting zones, increasing avalanche volume

The elevation at which temperature is at zero degrees Celsius (freezing point), which is moving to higher elevations due to climate change