Concepts

When multiple cues indicate decreased likelihood of an event, resulting in diminished response to composite stimulus

Plant growth pattern where terminal bud suppresses lateral growth, which can be disrupted by herbivory

Use of trees by terrestrial mammals for foraging, resting, or other activities

The introduction of a species to previously inhabited areas or to new suitable regions

Natural disturbance event that can affect small mammal populations by crushing animals, destroying burrows, eliminating food sources, or preventing emergence after hibernation

Proportion of time spent in relaxed behaviors (foraging, preening, vocalizing) following acoustic stimulus presentation

A flowering pattern characterized by two distinct peaks separated by a valley of lower abundance

Systematic observation and assessment of biological diversity over time to detect changes in species populations, community composition, and ecosystem health

Study of energy flow and energy dynamics in biological systems

Hypothesis that presence of active social support systems provides aid to focal individuals and creates buffer against stressors

Study of microbial communities and processes in constructed habitats and structures

The amount of sunlight reaching the forest floor through tree canopy, affected by crown thinning and leaf flushing

The economic process by which wealth is concentrated through industrial extraction and trade networks

Conservation strategy to preserve threatened or critically endangered species through maintaining reproductive populations in captivity

The difference between cash rents for irrigated versus non-irrigated land in the same area, used to estimate the value of water for irrigation

Increased food intake to offset elevated energy expenditure from additional activity or metabolic demands.

Life cycles involving transitions between stages often involving not only habitat shifts but also dramatic changes in mobility

The production and structure of animal signals may be condition dependent and may provide more than one type of information to receivers

Theoretical framework examining trade-offs between advantages and disadvantages of group living

Rate of mass loss per day during hibernation, expressed as mg per gram body mass per day, used as measure of energetic efficiency

A model of photoperiodic time measurement based on seasonal changes in phase relationship between circadian oscillations

Stressful environmental conditions during development that can affect later life performance

Daily cyclical changes in hydrogen peroxide concentrations, with maximum detected in early afternoon lagging maximum solar irradiance

The ratio of the number of subpopulation diseased plants to the total number of plants in each 25-m² subpopulation