Concepts

Mortality from hunting that adds to natural mortality rather than substituting for it, resulting in net population-level effects

Colonization by winged adult insects as an often-cited mode of wetland colonization

Behavioral differences between juvenile and adult animals related to different survival priorities and risk tolerance

Number of alleles present in a population, standardized for sample size

Growth pattern where fish tend to become relatively more slender as they grow longer, indicated by exponent b in weight-length relationship

Developmental condition where nestlings lack down, sufficient mobility, and ability to feed themselves, characterizing species like Mountain White-crowned sparrows

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles

Life history where only present year queens overwinter while all males, workers, and old queens die by first snow cover

The study of bee foraging behavior, including diet breadth, sociality, body size, and foraging distances in relation to floral resource availability.

Visual and vocal displays by nestlings to communicate their status of need and obtain resources from parents

The ability of animals to compensate for disturbance-driven behavioral changes through unknown mechanisms

proportion of successful behaviors when interacting with apparatus

Differential outcomes based on position within family birth sequence

The weight of an individual animal, used as an indicator of survival and fecundity

Direct relationship between body size and reproductive output in mayflies

Large fluctuations in damage levels driven by interactions between warming and precipitation variability

Measures of brood fitness including larval number, weight, and production efficiency

Semi-fossorial marmots using the same burrow entrances, indicating social association

Number of butterflies observed during a given time period, used as a measure of behavioral activity influenced by environmental conditions

Post-burial behaviors including shaving fur, rounding carcasses, and secreting antimicrobial exudate

Effects of herbivory and pollination that persist from one growing season to the next

The range of worker sizes within colonies, also called worker polymorphism

A mixed mating system in which plants can produce both open, chasmogamous (CH) flowers and closed, obligately self-pollinating, cleistogamous (CL) flowers within the same growing season