Concepts

Differences in physical characteristics, particularly head capsule size, between coexisting species

Ratio of moss cover to vascular plant cover, used to assess relative moss dominance

Building of elevated nest structures from organic materials, excavated soil, and debris by social insects

Decrease in sugar concentrations within nectar, providing less nutritional benefit to pollinators

Repeated subgraphs or small-scale patterns that represent key building blocks of complex networks

Predicts functional and phylogenetic overdispersion in communities where closely related species will compete more strongly than distantly related species, leading to traits being more widely disperse...

Species loss that is targeted at species with traits that make them particularly vulnerable to environmental change

A plant species recently introduced to an environment that herbivorous insects may exploit as a new resource

Occurring in the greatest numbers, frequency, or biomass in the environment

Animals which feed on both plant and prey sources, allowing them to effect multiple trophic levels within a food web

Attack by parasitoid species that use lycaenid larvae as hosts for their development

Standardized measure of the effect of grazers on chlorophyll as a function of invertebrate density, calculated as dynamic index DI = [ln(G/R)]/Dt

Use of the same elevated vantage points by different individuals or species for predator detection

Shift from bee-dominated pollinator communities at lower elevations to fly-dominated communities at higher elevations

Changes in pollinator foraging patterns, preferences, and physiology in response to ethanol presence in nectar and honey

Selection pressure imposed by predators that may favor optimal body sizes for escape ability

Risk of being consumed by predators, which differs between fish-containing and fishless streams

Model predicting that predators are affected to a greater extent than prey in high stress environments, reducing predation rates

The pattern where top predators in wetland foodwebs change along permanence gradients, affecting invertebrate community composition

Bear predation on ant colonies and subsequent colony recovery dynamics

The clustering of prey organisms in particular locations or habitats

Ecological succession on substrate that cannot easily be colonized by vascular plants, where lichens serve as primary successors

Competitive advantage afforded to early discoverers that arrive at and modify a resource first

Species characterized by low local abundance and small geographic range size

The concept that quality of social relationships may be more important than number of relationships for stress reduction

Plant strategy emphasizing rapid resource capture and growth versus conservative resource use

The availability of food resources which may affect severity of ectoparasitic infestation, manipulated through food supplementation treatments

The ability of a species to monopolize resources, measured as percentage of baits discovered first or monopolized during experiments.

A flow of fixed energy between two different ecosystems, including both passive flows (leaf litter, terrestrial invertebrate inputs) and direct flows (energy that goes directly from source to consumer...

Theoretical framework contrasting bottom-up resource limitation versus top-down predator control of community structure

Theory predicting that species with traits conferring ability to most efficiently take up limiting soil resources will have highest abundance in a community

Hypothesis that human activity displaces predators creating areas with reduced predation risk for prey species

Feeding on sap from wells drilled by sapsuckers, practiced by at least 40 species including warblers, hummingbirds, chipmunks, and insects

Lichens that grow on or within rocks, either foliose growing on top or crustose growing within the rock