Concepts

Process where new layers of bone are formed and other layers previously formed are resorbed into the endosteum, resulting in calcium extraction and potential destruction of growth rings

Bayesian data assimilation technique using Monte Carlo ensemble to approximate probability distributions for parameter estimation

Technique that combines multiple models weighted by performance measures to improve prediction accuracy

A measure of noisiness in alarm calls, quantified using deterministic chaos analysis

Concept that multiple different parameter combinations can produce equally acceptable model fits to observed data

Unintended consequences of experimental manipulations that may impact study results

Mathematical function Y = A·e^(-β·d) where Y is root mass, A is root mass at soil surface, d is soil depth, and β defines steepness of decline

Mathematical model describing how pollen deposition decreases exponentially with successive flower visits

Statistical methods for extrapolating rare event magnitudes from historical data

Experimental approach using multiple factor combinations to test phytoplankton growth responses to nutrient additions

Interruption of field-based scientific research due to external factors such as travel restrictions and facility closures

A worker can reasonably and informedly expect to come home without harm to their physical or emotional well-being and that if harm should occur, that a path toward repair is accessible

A technique that identifies areas within a thin section that have elevated uranium concentrations by placing mica over thin sections and irradiating in a nuclear reactor to create fission tracks viewa...

Method for directly measuring gas flux by monitoring concentration changes in enclosed chambers placed on water surface

Physical oscillations of flowers caused by air movement from pollinator wing beats

Solid phase evidence of past biogeochemical processes that can be detected even when the processes are no longer active

Standardized laboratory procedure to quantify the potential for organic matter to form disinfection byproducts under controlled chlorination conditions

The proportion of cells producing stalks within a population, used as a metric for stalk production activity

The blending and intersection of multiple film genres within a single work, recognized as the norm rather than an exceptional feature of genre expression

Statistical analysis of shape variation using landmark coordinates

Acoustic measure indicating the harmonic content and tonal quality of vocalizations

Method to calculate soil gas fluxes using concentration gradients at multiple depths

Measure of vegetation greenness calculated as G/(R+G+B) used as proxy for evapotranspiration

Assessment of food material present in larval digestive system as indicator of feeding success

Experimental design where subjects are habituated to repeated stimuli from one source then tested with novel stimuli to assess discrimination abilities

Statistical technique to classify studied locations into groups based on measured variables such that similar locations are placed in the same group