Protocols

Fluorometric analysis of ammonia in water samples using working reagent that produces fluorescent compound when reacting with ammonia. Uses quadruplicate sampling and background correction.

Standard colorimetric method for measuring soluble reactive phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus in water samples using spectrophotometry. Total dissolved phosphorus samples are first digested wi...

Collection and integration of climate variables from multiple databases including temperature, solar radiation, snow metrics, and topographic factors to characterize environmental conditions at study ...

Modified gut content analysis method that estimates feeding intensity by counting the proportion of abdominal segments containing food rather than identifying specific prey items.

Statistical analysis comparing observed vs. expected species co-occurrence patterns using probabilistic models to identify positive, negative, or random associations between species pairs.