Protocols

Belt transect method for censusing lupine populations and collecting inflorescences for morphological analysis across sympatric and allopatric sites. Combines population surveying with systematic flor...

A field-based protocol for extracting nectar from flowers that have been exposed to bee visitation, then quantifying ethanol content using enzyme-based assays. Flowers are pre-isolated to prevent nect...

Collection of female halictid bees at nest sites using nets or vacuum devices, with individual storage and cryopreservation for chemical analysis. Includes morphological measurement and ovarian stage ...

Floral resource availability was quantified by counting flowers while walking in progressively larger circles from a central point until reaching 100 flowers or 100m radius. Density was calculated as ...

Method to quantify microbial load on different butterfly body parts by direct plating on agar media. Samples tarsi/proboscis by dragging across plate and thorax by washing technique.