Habitat Disturbance and Destruction

news article

Colorado's Wildlife Company: Habitat Crisis

technical report

Colorado's Wildlife Company: Tales of Winter

federal register notice

Colorado; Notice of Invitation for Coal Exploration License Application, Bowie Resources Limited

correspondence

Comment on Travel Management Plan

correspondence

Comments on recent draft of Gunnison Travel Management Plan

technical report

Community- Based Environmental Protection FY 1996 Progress Report

technical report

Concentrating Solar Systems

federal proposed rule

Curecanti National Recreation Area, Personal Watercraft Use

federal rule

Curecanti National Recreation Area, Personal Watercraft Use

environmental assessment

Draft Environmental Impact Statement

environmental assessment

Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Uranium Mill)

environmental assessment

Draft Environmental Statement Related to the Homestake Mining Company- Homestake Mining Company Pitch Project

environmental assessment

Draft: Environmental Assessment of the Proposed Remedial Action at the Gunnison Uranium Mill Tailings Site

technical report

Ecosystem Disturbance and Wildlife Conservation in Western Grasslands

other

Eight Thousand Million People by the Year 2010?

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding for a Petition To List the Colorado River Cutthroat Trout as Threatened or Endangered

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List a Distinct Population Segment of the Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) in the Lower Colorado River Basin

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List a Distinct Population Segment of the Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) in the Lower Colorado River Basin

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the Gunnison's Prairie Dog as Threatened or Endangered

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the Gunnison's Prairie Dog as Threatened or Endangered

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the Gunnison's Prairie Dog as an Endangered or Threatened Species

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the Gunnison's Prairie Dog as an Endangered or Threatened Species

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the North American Wolverine as Endangered or Threatened

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the North American Wolverine as Endangered or Threatened

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the North American Wolverine as Endangered or Threatened

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 6-Month Extension of Final Determinations on the Proposed Endangered Status and Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal register notice

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Colorado River Cutthroat Trout

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Gunnison's Prairie Dog as Threatened or Endangered

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Gunnison's Prairie Dog as Threatened or Endangered

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Ipomopsis polyantha (Pagosa skyrocket), Penstemon debilis (Parachute beardtongue), and Phacelia submutica (DeBeque phacelia)

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Southwestern Willow Flycatcher

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Southwestern Willow Flycatcher

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination for the Gunnison Sage-grouse as a Threatened or Endangered Species

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination for the Gunnison Sage-grouse as a Threatened or Endangered Species

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for Ipomopsis polyantha (Pagosa Skyrocket) and Threatened Status for Penstemon debilis (Parachute Beardtongue) and Phacelia submutica (DeBeque Phacelia)

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for Ipomopsis polyantha (Pagosa Skyrocket) and Threatened Status for Penstemon debilis (Parachute Beardtongue) and Phacelia submutica (DeBeque Phacelia)

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Threatened Status for the Contiguous U.S. Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx and Related Rule

federal register notice

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Recovery Plan for the Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status and Critical Habitat Designation for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Listing Determination for the Gunnison Sage-Grouse as Threatened or Endangered

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Listing Determination for the Gunnison Sage-Grouse as Threatened or Endangered

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Rule to Designate the Whooping Cranes of the Rocky Mountains as Experimental Nonessential and to Remove Whooping Crane Critical Habitat Designations From Four Locations

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Rule to Designate the Whooping Cranes of the Rocky Mountains as Experimental Nonessential and to Remove Whooping Crane Critical Habitat Designations From Four Locations

federal register notice

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of Seven Wildlife Species and Two Plant Species in the Mountain-Prairie Region

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of Designation of the Gunnison Sage Grouse as a Candidate Species

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of Intent to Conduct a Status Review of Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus)

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of Remanded Determination of Status for the Contiguous United States Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of Remanded Determination of Status for the Contiguous United States Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposal To List the Contiguous United States Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx as a Threatened Species; and the Captive Population of Canada Lynx Within the Coterminous United States (lower 48 States) as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance, With a Special Rule

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposal To List the Contiguous United States Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx as a Threatened Species; and the Captive Population of Canada Lynx Within the Coterminous United States (lower 48 States) as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance, With a Special Rule

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for Gunnison Sage-Grouse and Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for Gunnison Sage-Grouse and Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of the Colorado Hookless Cactus From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for the Contiguous U.S. Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for the Contiguous U.S. Distinct Population Segment of the Canada Lynx

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for Gunnison Sage-Grouse

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for the Distinct Population Segment of the North American Wolverine Occurring in the Contiguous United States; Establishment of a Nonessential Experimental Population of the North American Wolverine in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for the Distinct Population Segment of the North American Wolverine Occurring in the Contiguous United States; Establishment of a Nonessential Experimental Population of the North American Wolverine in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico

federal proposed rule

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for the Distinct Population Segment of the North American Wolverine Occurring in the Contiguous United States; Establishment of a Nonessential Experimental Population of the North American Wolverine in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico

news article

Energy Conservation

technical report

Energy from the West: A Progress Report of Technology Assessment of Western Energy Resource Development- Volume 1 Summary

environmental assessment

Environmental Assessment Taylor Loop Recreation Project

federal register notice

Environmental Assessment and Receipt of an Application for a Permit To Enhance the Survival of the Gunnison Sage-Grouse in Southwestern Colorado Through a Candidate Conservation Agreement With Assurances

technical report

Fact Sheet Proposal by Little Horn Energy Wyoming Inc. (LHEW) to Construct a 1001 Megawatt Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Facility on the Dry Fork of the Little Bighorn River In the Bighorn Nation Forest in Wyoming

federal rule

Final Supplementary Rule for Public Lands in the Colorado River Valley, Grand Junction and Kremmling Field Offices, and the Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area, CO

Document

Flow Release Patterns at Glen Canyon Dam

federal register notice

Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests Norwood Ranger District; Alta Town-site Road and Utilities Access, “Alta Access Project,” Hinsdale County, CO

federal register notice

Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests, Colorado; Nucla-Telluride Transmission Line Project

federal register notice

Gunnison Basin Federal Lands Travel Management Plan

Document

Gunnison County Sage-Grouse Stategic Plan Draft

Document

Gunnison Sage-Grouse Conservation Priority Regions in the Gunnison Basin

Document

Gunnison Trail System Committee and Colorado Trails and Wildlife Project

Document

Highlight of the 1989 Resource Planning Act Assessment

Document

Highlight of the 1989 Resource Planning Act Assessment

Document

Idaho Wildlife Review Volume XVII No. 4

federal register notice

Land and Resource Management Plan Amendments for Canada Lynx in Colorado and Southern Wyoming

federal register notice

Land and Resource Management Plan Amendments for Canada Lynx in Colorado and Southern Wyoming

federal register notice

Land and Resource Management Plan Direction for Canada Lynx in Colorado and Southern Wyoming

federal register notice

Land and Resource Management Plan Direction for Canada Lynx in Colorado and Southern Wyoming

Document

Late Night Planning Reader – Housing

Document

Legacy Project Summary Information

Document

Legacy Project Summary Information

Document

Letters from RMBL about Mt. Emmons

Document

Lowhead-Micro Hydropower 2008

Document

Master Plan for Teton County 1990

federal register notice

Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests, Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District Saratoga, WY

Document

Mount Emmons Aquatic Ecology Baseline Studies

Document

Mount Emmons Environmental Impact Statement

environmental assessment

Mount Emmons Mining Project Environmental Impact Statement Ch. 3 & 4

correspondence

National Public Lands Grazing Campaign

technical report

Native Plant Revegetation Guide for Colorado

federal register notice

Northern Rockies Lynx Amendment

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of Draft Conservation Agreements for the Bonneville Cutthroat Trout and the Colorado River Cutthroat Trout for Review and Comment

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of a Draft Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Aspinall Unit Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement, Wayne N. Aspinall Unit, Colorado River Storage Project, Gunnison River, Colorado

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Bull Mountain Unit Master Development Plan, Gunnison County, CO

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment and Environmental Impact Statement for Big Game Habitat Conservation for Oil and Gas Management, Colorado

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment and Environmental Impact Statement for the Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus), Colorado and Utah

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Bull Mountain Unit Master Development Plan, Gunnison County, CO

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Proposed Resource Management Plan Amendment and Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus), Colorado and Utah

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement, Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area, CO

federal register notice

Notice of Availability of the Record of Decision for the Bull Mountain Unit Master Development Plan, Gunnison County, CO

federal register notice

Notice of Intent To Amend Uncompahgre Basin and San Juan/San Miguel Resource Management Plans and Prepare the Dry Creek Comprehensive Travel Management Plan, Colorado

federal register notice

Notice of Intent To Amend the Resource Management Plan for the Bureau of Land Management Gunnison Field Office and Prepare an Associated Environmental Impact Statement, Colorado

federal register notice

Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for Amendments to the Gunnison and Uncompahgre Resource Management Plans Regarding Cross-Country Travel by Off Highway Vehicles and Mountain Bikes; 30-Day Scoping Period Announced

federal register notice

Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Competitive Geothermal Lease Sale, Gunnison County, CO and Land Use Plan Amendment

federal register notice

Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement

federal register notice

Notice of Intent to Amend Multiple Resource Management Plans Regarding Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) Conservation and Prepare an Associated Environmental Impact Statement, Colorado and Utah

federal register notice

Notice of Proposed Withdrawal Extension and Opportunity for Public Meeting, Colorado

federal register notice

Notice of the Joint Colorado Resource Advisory Council Meeting

news article

Oil Shale/Tan Sands Newspaper Clippings 2005 & 2006

environmental assessment

Project Summary Taylor Loop Recreation Project

federal register notice

Public Land Order No. 7647; Revocation of 2 Secretarial Orders and 15 Executive Orders; Colorado

federal proposed rule

Public Lands in the Colorado River Valley, Grand Junction and Kremmling Field Offices, and the Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area, CO

correspondence

Re: White River Forest Plan Revision

correspondence

Re: white River Forest Plan Revision – additional materials

technical report

Residential Development in the Mountains of Colorado: A Survey of Issues

federal register notice

Resource Protection Study, Record of Decision, Curecanti National Recreation Area, Colorado

technical report

Review of Data and Summary Opinions regarding Snowmass Creek Modification

federal register notice

Revised Land and Resource Management Plan, Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, Gunnison National Forests, CO

correspondence

Right to Float bill HB 1188

federal register notice

Rio Grande National Forest; Colorado; Revision of the Land Management Plan for the Rio Grande National Forest

federal register notice

Rocky Mountain Region; Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests; Grand Valley Ranger District; Mesa County, Colorado; Enlargement of Monument No. 1 and Hunter Reservoirs

federal register notice

San Juan National Forest; Columbine Ranger District; Colorado; Hermosa Landscape Grazing Analysis

federal register notice

San Luis Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Alamosa, Rio Grande, and Saguache, CO; Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement

environmental assessment

Signed Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances with its included Certifcate of Inclusion template for Gunnison Sage Grouse

news article

Solar-2005

federal proposed rule

Special Areas; Roadless Area Conservation; Applicability to the National Forests in Colorado

technical report

Species Endangerment Patterns in the United States

correspondence

Spring Environmental Symposium "Healthy Forests and Healthy Ecomomics: Finding the Balance"

correspondence

Status of Gunison's [sic] sage grouse

environmental assessment

Summary of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement

news article

Synthetic Fuels Subsidy Legislation Revived

technical report

The Beaver in Colorado: It's Biology, Ecology, Management and Economics

news article

The Beaver's Tale: Out of the Woods and Into Hot Water

news article

The High Cost of Free Water

technical report

The Role of Science in Colorado River Management

technical report

The Role of Science in Colorado River Management

technical report

The Value of Instream Flow Used to Produce a Recreational Fishery

correspondence

Toxic Waste

environmental assessment

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service: Public Hearing in the Matter of: Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument Wilderness Reporter's Transcript

technical report

Upper Gunnison Basin In-Stream Flow Project

correspondence

Upper Gunnison Water Conservancy District (Volume 2)- Part 5

federal register notice

Western Colorado Area Office, Grand Junction, Colorado

news article

Habitat Disturbance and Destruction

Local Knowledge Graph (Top 80 entities)

Publications (26)

The effect of human pressure on the flight initiation of montane breeding birds throughout the summer breeding season

Females know best: dispersal polymorphism maintained by sex-specific foraging

Dimensions of difference: Multi-scale consequences of trait variation in bumble bees

Sage-Grouse

Revealing the direct and indirect effects of climate change on soil nutrient dynamics and forage resources in mountain ecosystems

How understory bee communities compare to open meadows in the Rocky Mountains

Perturbations in plant-pollinator networks: Integrating theoretical and empirical approaches to understand responses to global change

Biotic interactions at species’ range limits in a changing climate

Do microorganisms obey macroecological rules?

Documents (168)

A System for Conservation Planning: Progress in Summit and Larimer Counties

An Ecological Basis for Beaver Management in the Rocky Mountain Region

An Illustrated Guide to the Proposed Threatened and Endangered Plant Species in Colorado

Ashley National Forest; Utah; Ashley-Dry Fork Grazing Allotments

Availability of the Records of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plans for the Grand Junction Field Office and the Colorado River Valley Field Office, Colorado

Beaver In Water Impoundments: Understanding A Problem of Water-Level Management

Beaver in Western North America: An Annotated Bibliography 1966 to 1986

Biologically Significant Areas in Gunnison County Colorado

Candidate Conservation Agreement With Assurances for Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocerucus minimus) between the Colorado Division of Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Colorado Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife Wetlands Program Summary

Related Concepts (10)

Endangered Species Listing

Habitat Protection

NEPA Environmental Review

Livestock Grazing

Population Growth

Breeding Habitat

Recreational resources

Ecosystem diversity

Population viability

Genetic diversity

Frequently Associated Species

fish and wildlife

fish and wildlife (general)

Salix lucida subsp. lasiandra

Centrocercus urophasianus

Centrocercus

Centrocercus urophasianus or Centrocercus minimus

sage grouse

Engelmann Spruce

Centrocercus minimus

Beetles

DynaMETE: a hybrid MaxEnt-plus-mechanism theory of dynamic macroecology

Take only pictures, leave only… Cameras influence marmot vigilance but not perceptions of risk

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Exploring effects of proliferation of <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i> on abundance and coexistence of <i>Rhyacophila</i> species (Trichoptera) in streams near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory

The effects of recreational trail use on small mammal species richness and abundance

The effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on mutualisms

Effect of Road Dust Deposition on the Floral Lifespan of Scarlet gilia, <i>Ipomopsis aggregata</i>

Habitat patch use, density, and territoriality of American Red Squirrels (<i>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</i>) in the southwestern Rocky Mountains, Colorado

Effects of Alpine Shrub Cover on Territorial Male White-Crown Sparrows Densities.

Interactions Between Digenean Trematodes and Human Land Use, Nutrient Cycling, and Climate in Colorado

Effect of location on plant species richness and diversity in Aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) understory: edge vs. inner forest habitat

Increased aggression among <i>Asynarchus nigriculus</i> caddisfly larvae in a rapidly drying environment

Quantifying human disturbance on antipredator behavior and flush initiation distance in yellow-bellied marmots

Climate Change is Causing A Decline in Bombus occidentalis by Reducing its Floral Resources

Consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators on metacommunities of competing prey

Effects of the nuisance diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i> on invertebrates in a Rocky Mountain stream

Ecosystem responses to warming-induced plant species loss and increased nitrogen availability in a Rocky Mountain subalpine meadow

Colorado's Wildlife Company: Habitat Crisis

Colorado's Wildlife Company: Tales of Winter

Colorado; Notice of Invitation for Coal Exploration License Application, Bowie Resources Limited

Comment on Travel Management Plan

Comments on recent draft of Gunnison Travel Management Plan

Community- Based Environmental Protection FY 1996 Progress Report

Concentrating Solar Systems

Curecanti National Recreation Area, Personal Watercraft Use

Curecanti National Recreation Area, Personal Watercraft Use

Draft Environmental Impact Statement

Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Uranium Mill)

Draft Environmental Statement Related to the Homestake Mining Company- Homestake Mining Company Pitch Project

Draft: Environmental Assessment of the Proposed Remedial Action at the Gunnison Uranium Mill Tailings Site

Ecosystem Disturbance and Wildlife Conservation in Western Grasslands

Eight Thousand Million People by the Year 2010?

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding for a Petition To List the Colorado River Cutthroat Trout as Threatened or Endangered

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List a Distinct Population Segment of the Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) in the Lower Colorado River Basin

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List a Distinct Population Segment of the Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) in the Lower Colorado River Basin