Silicon tubing volatile collection (Polemoniaceae)

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Method synopsis

Volatile organic compounds were sampled from single flowers using dynamic headspace sampling, then analyzed with thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and quantify floral volatile emissions.

Synthesized from method descriptions across 13 papers using this protocol.

Procedure from a recent peer-reviewed implementation

Steps below were extracted from the most recent peer-reviewed implementation of this protocol in the corpus — Natural selection on floral volatiles and other traits can change with snowmelt timing and summer precipitation (2025), New Phytologist. Implementations in other papers (listed below) may differ.

1. Sample floral volatile emissions
   Sample volatile organic compounds from single flowers using dynamic headspace sampling. Enclose flower in 7 cm × 10 cm bag, equilibrate for 30 min, then sample at 100 ml min⁻¹ onto 5 mg Tenax. Include flower buds in sample bag for 17% of samples. Sample between 09:00 and 15:00 h, with 90% completed before 12:00 h.
   Quantities: 456 samples from 374 plants, one to five repeated samples per plant on different flowers, 34 samples in total as ambient controlsDuration: 15 dates in 2018, 8 in 2019, 6 in 2020, sampling over entire flowering periodConditions: Daytime sampling, mean sampling time similar among treatments (10:30-10:45 h)
   Equipment: 7 cm × 10 cm bag, 5 mg Tenax, dynamic headspace sampling equipment
2. Analyze volatile compounds
   Analyze samples using thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) with Shimadzu QP2010 with Re-SMS column. Filter compounds using BOUQUET R package, requiring retention time between 2 and 17 min, detection in 10% of samples, and mean in floral samples must exceed four times the mean in ambient controls.
   Quantities: 29 volatile compounds identified after filtering from initial larger setDuration: Analysis conducted after field sampling completionConditions: Laboratory analysis conditions
   Equipment: Shimadzu QP2010, Re-SMS column, BOUQUET R package

Typical Equipment

• 7 cm × 10 cm bag
• 5 mg Tenax
• Shimadzu QP2010
• Re-SMS column
• BOUQUET R package

Output Measurements

• volatile emission rates per flower per hour
• volatile compound identification
• relative volatile concentrations

Papers Using This Protocol (13)

Species Studied With This Protocol

Places Where Used