Protocols

Longitudinal grab sampling along Coal Creek mainstem during three critical hydrograph stages (peak flow, falling limb, low flow) across multiple years to characterize spatial and temporal variability ...

Collection of dissolved noble gases from groundwater wells using copper tubes with down-hole pumps and back-pressure valves to prevent degassing during sample collection.

Direct measurement of soil depth using auger drilling to bedrock contact, validated with cone penetrometer resistance profiles. Distinguishes mobile regolith from weathered bedrock layers.

Frequent collection and ICP-MS analysis of river water samples to detect thorium concentration excursions as indicators of bedrock fracture processes. Samples collected up to daily frequency and analy...

Drilling of boreholes in 2017 and 2018 and completion as vertically discrete nested monitoring wells and single monitoring wells. Includes well construction documentation.

Water samples filtered in field using 0.2 micron filter into 50 ml falcon tubes and shipped on ice for analysis.

Weekly collection of snowmelt at five locations using modified version of Kormos (2005) method, beginning April 1 until full melt achieved.

Samples filtered through 0.22 μm Sterivex filters with housings made of Eastar co-polyester.

Collection and analysis of discrete water quality samples including pesticide analysis. Results include load calculations and water quality parameters.

Gas samples were collected with a peristaltic pump from pre-installed lysimeters and stored in pre-evacuated serum bottles.