Protocols

Stream discharge measurement using acoustic doppler velocimetry with systematic cross-sectional velocity measurements integrated to calculate total flow.

Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy performed under anoxic conditions using vacuum transfer holders to map elemental distributions in redox-sensitive particles.

Mica sheets are placed over thin sections, irradiated in a nuclear reactor, and examined under microscopy to identify areas of elevated uranium concentration through fission track density patterns. Th...

Use of ground control points to associate calibration images and video to real-world distances and provide pixel ground scale distance for each video.