Waiting for the snow to melt…
Michael Stemkovski,1,2* Climate change is shifting the environmental cues that determine the phenology of interacting spe- William D. Pearse,1,3 cies. Plant–pollinator systems may be susceptible to temporal mismatch if bees and flowering Sean R. Griffin,2,4 plants differ in their phenological responses to warming temperatures. While the cues that trigger Gabriella L. Pardee,2,4 flowering are well-understood, little is known about what determines bee phenology. Using gener- Jason Gibbs,5 alised additive models, we analyzed time-series data representing 67 bee species collected over Terry Griswold,6 9 years in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to perform the first community-wide quantification of John L. Neff,7 the drivers of bee phenology. Bee emergence was sensitive to climatic variation, advancing with Ryan Oram,8 earlier snowmelt timing, whereas later phenophases were best explained by functional traits including overwintering stage and nest location. Comparison of these findings to a long-term Molly G. Rightmyer,9 flower study showed that bee phenology is less sensitive than flower phenology to climatic varia- Cory S. Sheffield,8 tion, indicating potential for reduced synchrony of flowers and pollinators under climate change. Karen Wright,10 Brian D. Inouye,2,11 David W.
Knowledge graph centered on Bee phenology is predicted by climatic variation a with 76 nodes and 487 connections. Top connected: Effects of climate change on phenology, frost dama, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Two-form Bumble Bee, Bumble Bees, Buff-tailed Bumble Bee.
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