Concepts

Competition where individuals attempt to take over established breeding resources from other pairs

When sapygid wasps enter brood cells during the provisioning or brood cell construction stages and lay eggs in provisioned brood cells prior to wall construction

Experimental removal of the most abundant plant species to test effects of species loss on community structure and function

The division of water flow between different hydrological pathways including surface flow, shallow subsurface flow, and deep groundwater flow

The process by which non-native species become established and spread in new environments

Downstream movement of benthic invertebrates in flowing water either naturally or induced by disturbance

The mechanism by which organisms measure day and night length to regulate seasonal activities like diapause

Spatial organization of aerobic and anaerobic zones based on dissolved oxygen availability that controls biogeochemical reactions

Biogeochemically active zones in riparian floodplains where enhanced nitrogen transformations occur due to groundwater-surface water interactions

The interplay of belowground, microsite-scale biological, physical, and chemical processes that intersect to drive whole-ecosystem functioning

Physical processes affecting snow particle formation, growth, and characteristics including aggregation, riming, sublimation, and fragmentation

The constraint of microbial activity and carbon respiration by water availability in soil systems

Interactions involving three species or groups, such as soil microbes, plants, and pollinators

Positive social interactions and bonds between individuals including behaviors like grooming, playing, and proximity maintenance

Distribution of plant growth and resources between aboveground (shoots) and belowground (roots) structures

The reciprocal evolutionary change in interacting species driven by natural selection, where adaptations of one species create selective pressures on another species

Heat transfer through soil via molecular conduction

Parasitic plants that retain absorptive roots and are capable of carbon fixation through photosynthesis but still need to draw some of their resources from their hosts because they have low nutrient-u...

Selective feeding behavior of herbivores that favors certain plant traits or genotypes over others

Reciprocal antagonism between plant hormone pathways where jasmonic acid suppresses salicylic acid pathway and vice versa

Microbial reduction of sulfate coupled to organic matter oxidation in anoxic environments resulting in formation of low solubility sulfide minerals

Plant ability to produce new volatile organic compounds or change other chemical characteristics when damaged, with these chemicals communicating damage to other parts of the same plant and other plan...

Enhanced plant growth due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Caddisfly larvae ability to construct protective cases from environmental debris using silk-like string