Concepts

Mathematical equation describing water flow in partially saturated soils by relating volumetric soil water content to constitutive relations

Computational simulation of avalanche flow physics to predict runout distance and impact parameters

Computational model that simulates individual organisms and their life histories to understand population-level patterns

Statistical method used to identify the structuring factors driving life-history variation and to detect slow-fast continuum patterns

A modeling approach where downslope flow responds to rainfall or snowmelt recharge through accommodating new recharge within a rising water table within a thicker and more transmissive saturated zone

Model developed to determine LARs based on SAR and simple properties of food webs including species richness, number of links and connectance

A statistical distribution commonly observed in species abundance patterns, predicted by METE for undisturbed communities

Type of recurrent neural network capable of learning temporal dependencies in sequential data through gated memory cells

Tools implemented to accurately predict an organism's physiological response to attributes of interest such as water loss and body temperature

Biogeochemical model that accounts for moisture-dependent activation and dormancy of distinct microbial communities at different effective saturations

A capture-recapture model that accounts for transitions between different states (e.g., age classes) and estimates state-specific survival and detection probabilities

Statistical method for assigning individuals to groups based on genetic similarity

A physically-based model that simulates the hydro-thermal dynamics from the top of the canopy to the bedrock

Method relating electromagnetic wave speed in snowpack to dry snow density using known wave speeds of constituent materials

Semi-parametric survival analysis that allows mortality hazard to fluctuate with time while measuring effects of covariates on survival probability

A method for modeling species' geographical ranges using fossil data that incorporates diversification and extinction processes

A clustering approach that assumes feature space is a product of a finite number of Gaussian components, each representing distinct co-varied features in multivariable space

Probability distribution used to model distance-decay patterns in pollen dispersal

A nonlinear function describing size-dependent growth curves that can take shapes from logistic to sigmoidal depending on parameterization

Hyperbolic function describing the relationship between nutrient concentrations and nutrient uptake rates by algae

A saturation function P = (Vmax * S)/(K + S) where P is productivity, S is richness, K is half-saturation point, and Vmax is asymptote

Model that constructs food webs by assigning niche values and ranges to species while maintaining desired connectance

A model of trait evolution that incorporates selection in the form of a selective optimum, differing from Brownian motion where only drift is expected

Isotopic fractionation model used to quantify progressive sulfate reduction using fractionation factor α=1.030

Predicting community-level function by summing individual species contributions based on their abundance and per-capita rates

A computational method for model fitting that contrasts the influence of different mechanisms by simulating data under different parameter sets

Statistical model used to determine the number of principal components to retain, setting threshold above which a component explains more variation than expected by chance alone

Integrative model combining photosynthesis, respiration, and total nonstructural carbohydrate measurements to quantify carbon allocation patterns

Deep learning architecture using convolutional layers for image classification and segmentation tasks

A model of photoperiodic time measurement based on seasonal changes in phase relationship between circadian oscillations

Statistical models fitted to observational data to predict patterns and test hypotheses

Mathematical function Y = A·e^(-β·d) where Y is root mass, A is root mass at soil surface, d is soil depth, and β defines steepness of decline

Mathematical model describing how pollen deposition decreases exponentially with successive flower visits

A simplified kinetic model where reaction rates are proportional to the concentration of a single reactant

Models that describe the relationship between environmental tracer concentrations and residence time distributions using convolution integrals

Representation of cloud microphysical processes in atmospheric models that control precipitation initiation and rates of snowfall

Statistical model that generates random patterns while preserving certain constraints, used as baseline for comparison

Statistical approaches to estimate site occupancy probability accounting for detection probability

A regression approach that allows for multiple ordered response categories and provides more specific interpretation of exact probability of socioeconomic characteristics on constraints

Age-structured demographic model where fertility is approximated by an average fertility parameter and age-specific survival from α until death

Model predicting FID based on combined effects of predator and prey speeds, distances and directions to refuge, and margin of safety

High-resolution convection-permitting climate models suitable for multi-decadal timescales in complex terrain