Concepts

Floodplain regions that follow the meandering pattern of rivers and serve as scaling motifs for ecosystem modeling

Plants that live for multiple years but flower only once before dying

Litters where offspring are sired by more than one male

Multiple individuals of solitary nesting species choosing to nest in close proximity to one another

Increased noise levels produced by roads and motorized vehicles that alter the acoustic environment

Algae growing attached to surfaces such as decomposing plant material

Geographic variation in chemical profiles that may reflect phylogeographic drift in odor profiles between populations

Variation in rainfall patterns between years affecting plant growth and flower production

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

Traits like crown-stripe width, plumage coloration, and song that require additional energy to maintain and signal mate quality

A state where viable seeds do not germinate immediately even under favorable conditions

Seeds present in the soil that represent the potential for future plant community recruitment and composition

Differences between sexes in fluorescent patterns, as identified in Plethodon metcalfi

Temporal and spatial patterns of small mammal behavior and presence

Below-normal snowpack conditions that can be caused by lack of winter precipitation (dry) or winter precipitation falling as rain rather than snow (warm)

Univoltine species which develop from overwintered eggs in pools formed by melting snow water

The relationship between the microbiome and sociality in animals

Ambiguity in direction estimation that occurs when sensor spacing exceeds half the wavelength of the signal

When plants are found adjacent to one another with less than two finger-widths between them or when one plant surrounds another

Spatial and temporal variation in water temperatures that can support diverse aquatic species and provide thermal refugia

Unsaturated zone above the water table where pore spaces contain both air and water

The number of generations produced per year, under both genetic and environmental control in insects

A transient pulse of CO₂ followed by a decrease to lower, steady state values when soils are rewet after a prolonged period of dry conditions

Adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes that provide resistance against mobile genetic elements

Bacteria from phyla lacking isolated representatives that consistently increase in abundance with depth

Last defensive line of German military occupation in the northern Emilia-Romagna Apennine Mountains built by forced Italian mountain inhabitants

Temperature range where helium begins to be retained in apatite crystals as they cool

The ongoing drought period in the Upper Colorado River Basin from 2000 to present, characterized by reduced precipitation and increased temperatures