Concepts

Genetic variants that confer novel or enhanced biochemical function compared to ancestral alleles

Interactions between host and pathogen genotypes that affect infection phenotype beyond additive effects

Blood parasites transmitted between parents and offspring and horizontally through insect vectors that cause energy allocation towards immune response

Physiological stress response in animals caused by capture, handling, and confinement during experimental procedures

Liver cancer associated with chronic hepatitis virus infection in mammals

Superior performance of F1 hybrids compared to both parental species

Areas of low velocity and reduced hydraulic stress that provide shelter for aquatic organisms from strong flow forces

Peaks and troughs in groundwater level time series representing maximum and minimum water levels

Water-related environmental factors including humidity, rainfall, snow cover, and soil moisture that affect disease transmission and host physiology

Ectoparasitoids whose eggs are oviposited outside of the host, often in enclosed environments, with host development ceasing upon parasitism via paralysis

Years when VS cases are seen in states just a few months prior to outbreaks being recognized

Morphological defenses that are induced by the presence of predators, such as longer caudal filaments in mayflies exposed to fish predators

The killing of infants by conspecifics other than the parents

More young water released from storage during wet periods than during dry periods

Individuals that die before trait expression, creating missing data that can bias selection estimates

Structural coloration that changes appearance based on viewing angle due to optical interference in plumage or other surfaces

Snowpack condition when snow temperature is uniform at 0°C and entering net seasonal melting cycle

Stunted, mat-like growth form of trees at treeline characterized by prostrate branches due to harsh environmental conditions

Correlation between canopy growth in one year and stem growth in the following year rather than the same year

Traditional breeding display ground used by sage-grouse where males gather to perform courtship displays

Clear, visible in bone such as phalanges that correspond to annual resting growth periods

Changes in animal foraging activity and risk-taking behavior in response to different moon phases and associated predation risk

Imbalance between carbohydrates and protein availability that affects ant behavior and foraging strategies

Selection of host plants that reduce offspring fitness or survival

Males leaving the brood first, leaving their mates as sole caretakers of the larvae

Synchronized, massive flowering event that occurs infrequently in monocarpic species

Influence of maternal identity on offspring growth through burrow location, maternal investment, and genetics

Impact of maternal stress levels on offspring survival and development, potentially with intergenerational effects

Social group consisting of one to five closely-related females (yearlings and young) in yellow-bellied marmots

Interference in analytical measurements caused by dissolved organic matter and salts that suppress or intensify the response signal

Ability of symbiotic microorganisms to metabolize compounds that are toxic or indigestible to their hosts