Linum lewisii

Common names: Lewis flax, flax, Blue Flax

Taxonomy: Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Malpighiales > Linaceae

Regional status: native

Roles: study subject, host plant, habitat component, host, habitat indicator species

ITIS TSN: 29214

Synonyms: L. lewisii, Lile, flax, Lewis flax, Lewis Flax, Linum lewisii, Linum Lewisii, LILE, GETR, Linum lewisii (flax), Flax (linum), Linum

External: RMBL Collections · iNaturalist · iDigBio · GenBank

Papers: 83 | Mentions: 105

Local Knowledge Graph (Top 74 entities)

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Publications (89)

student_paper

A Hard Day’s Buzz: how water availability shapes floral rewards and pollinator foraging on Heliomeris multiflora

2026Role: comparison species (referenced

student_paper

Abiotic influences on intraspecific trait variation in montane species with varied life histories

2026Role: study subject

student_paper

Effects of individual variation in leaf emergence phenology on subalpine perennial plant performance

2026Role: study subject

article

A multi-year case study highlighting the influence of hydrological conditions on epidemic dynamics in a natural plant pathosystem

2025OikosRole: study subject

article

Does pollination interact with the abiotic environment to affect plant reproduction?

2025Annals of BotanyRole: text_match

student_paper

Foraging preferences of generalist Megachilidae

2025Role: text_match

article

Phylogeny does not predict the outcome of heterospecific pollen–pistil interactions in a species-rich alpine plant community

2025American Journal of BotanyRole: study subject

student_paper

Prevalence and severity of Melampspora lini on Linum lewisii under early snowmelt conditions

Documents (3)

technical report

1980

Document

Homestake Mining Company Pitch Project Environmental Statement

environmental assessment

Vegetation Appendix Materials for Vegetation and Wildlife Studies for the Mount Emmons Project

Co-occurring Species

2025Role: study subject

student_paper

Effect of Nitrogen on Linaria vulgaris and Native Species

2024Role: study subject

student_paper

Local Adaptations and Fitness of Transplants in the Lewis Flax – Flax Rust Coevolutionary System

2024Role: study subject

student_paper

Solitary bee genera differ in foraging activity timing and temperature; Evidence of a seasonal dietary shift in Hoplitis fulgida

2024Role: text_match

student_paper

Solitary bee genera differ in foraging activity timing and temperature; Evidence of a seasonal dietary shift in Hoplitis fulgida

2024Role: pollen source

student_paper

The Effects of Early Snowmelt on Drought Stress in Subalpine Plant Species

2024Role: study subject

article

A pathogen's spatial range is not constrained by geographical features in the flax rust pathosystem

2023Ecology and EvolutionRole: study subject

student_paper

Effects of warming, dominant species removal, and accelerated snowmelt on aboveground plant traits in the Colorado Rocky Mountains

2023Role: study subject

student_paper

Investigating the Effect of Drought on Floral Traits Mediating Pollinator Interactions

2023Role: study subject

student_paper

Effects of Floral Abundance, Pollinator Interactions, and Floral Morphology on Stigmatic Pollen Deposition

2022Role: study subject

student_paper

Floral phenotypic response of Ipomopsis aggregata and related hybrids to changing soil moisture and nitrogen enrichment

2022Role: text_match

article

Legume germination is delayed in dry soils and in sterile soils devoid of microbial mutualists: Species-specific implications for upward range expansions

2022Ecology and EvolutionRole: text_match

article

Predicting the effects of climate change on the cross-scale epidemiological dynamics of a fungal plant pathogen

2022Scientific ReportsRole: text_match

article

Predicting the effects of climate change on the cross? scale epidemiological dynamics of a fungal plant pathogen

2022Scientific ReportsRole: host plant

student_paper

The Effect of Snowmelt Timing on Pollinator Visitation to Subalpine Wildflowers

2022Role: study subject

article

Experimental Test of the Combined Effects of Water Availability and Flowering Time on Pollinator Visitation and Seed Set

2021Frontiers of Ecology & EvolutionRole: text_match

article

From the ground up: Building predictions for how climate change will affect belowground mutualisms, floral traits, and bee behavior

2021Climate Change EcologyRole: text_match

article

Pollinator-mediated reproductive consequences of altered co-flowering under climate change conditions depend on abiotic context

2021Climate Change EcologyRole: text_match

student_paper

The effect of early snowmelt on pollination: A study of four Rocky Mountain subalpine plant species

2021Role: study subject

thesis

The effects of anthropogenic change on pollination in plant-pollinator communities

2021Role: study subject

article

Birds Perceive More Intraspecific Color Variation in Bird-Pollinated Than Bee-Pollinated Flowers

2020Frontiers in Plant Science. doi 10.3389/fpls.2020.590347Role: study subject

student_paper

Quantifying Nectar Trait Responses to Natural Variation in Water Availability in Subalpine Plant Communities

2020Role: study subject

article

Comparing predictive measures and model functions for estimating plant biomass: lessons from a sagebrush–rabbitbrush community

2019Plant EcologyRole: text_match

student_paper

Intraspecific flower color variation along elevation gradients

2019Role: study subject

student_paper

Niche breadth changes in response to environmental perturbation: the impact of early snowmelt on subalpine plant-pollinator specialization

2019Role: host plant

article

Phenotypic plasticity of floral volatiles in response to increasing drought stress

2019American Journal of BotanyRole: text_match

thesis

Pollinator mediated reproductive consequences of altered co-flowering under climate change depend on abiotic context

2019Role: study subject

thesis

Pollinator mediated reproductive consequences of altered co-flowering under climate change depend on abiotic context

2019Role: text_match

student_paper

The effect of nutrient availability on floral display and pollinator interactions

2019Role: study subject

article

Consistent shifts in pollinator-relevant floral coloration along a Rocky Mountain elevation gradient

2018Journal of EcologyRole: text_match

student_paper

The Effect of Climate Change on Plant Communities in the Rocky Mountains: How floral traits differ along an elevational gradient and in reciprocally transplanted communities

2018Role: study subject

student_paper

The Effects of Climate-Driven Changes in Co-flowering between Linum lewisii and Potentilla pulcherrima on Pollinator Services

2018Role: study subject

article

Effects of road dust on the pollination and reproduction of wildflowers

2017International Journal of Plant SciencesRole: study subject

thesis

Plant-Pollinator Interactions and Environmental Change: Effects of Experimental Changes in Phenology and Water Availability on a Montane Wildflower

2017Role: text_match

article

Shifts in water availability mediate plantâ€“pollinator interactions

2017New PhytologistRole: text_match

student_paper

Assessing pollinatorsâ€™ contribution to the reproductive success of Mertensia ciliata

2016Role: text_match

student_paper

Mutualistic Networks Over Time: The Effects of Changing Floral Abundances on Plant- Pollinator Interactions

2016Role: study subject

thesis

Temporal ecology of a subalpine ecosystem: Plant communities, plant-pollinator interactions, & climate change.

2016Role: text_match

student_paper

The Changing Floral Color Landscape Across an Alpine Elevation Gradient

2016Role: text_match

article

Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade

2014NaturwissenschaftenRole: text_match

student_paper

Plant Successional Changes Over 67 Years on the Gothic Earthflow.

2014Role: text_match

student_paper

Selection on floral traits of Linus lewisii along an elevational gradient.

2014Role: study subject

student_paper

Temporal variation in pollen limitation in Hydrophyllum fendleri (Boraginaceae) Individuals.

2014Role: text_match

article

Maintenance of temporal synchrony between syrphid flies and floral resources despite differential phenological responses to climate

2013Global Change BiologyRole: study subject

student_paper

Measuring the influence of phylogenetic relationships on floral visitation

2013Role: study subject

article

Nonlinear flowering responses to climate: are species approaching their limits of phenological change?

2013Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological SciencesRole: study subject

student_paper

"With a little help from my friends": Phylogenetic distance as a predictor of floral visitation in the plant communities of Gothic, CO.

2012Role: study subject

article

An examination of synchrony between insect emergence and flowering in Rocky Mountain meadows

2011Ecological MonographsRole: study subject

student_paper

Ant presences alter plants: The impact Formica obscuripes presence on plants and soil micro-anthropod diversity

2011Role: habitat component

student_paper

Spatial distribution of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus): Effects of plant palatability and habitat structure

2011Role: text_match

student_paper

A test of species-area theory on a high disturbance area of the Gothic earthflow

2009Role: study subject

student_paper

Determining Long-Term Success of Revegetation Efforts in Disturbed Sites

2009Role: study subject

article

The effects of nutrient addition on floral characters and pollination in two subalpine plants, Ipomopsis aggregata and Linum lewisii

2009Plant EcologyRole: text_match

article

The effects of nutrient addition on floral characters and pollination in two subalpine plants, Ipomopsis aggregata and Linum lewisii

2009Plant EcologyRole: study subject

article

The importance of interannual variation and bottom-up nitrogen enrichment for plant-pollinator networks

2009OikosRole: text_match

student_paper

The relationships among butterfly size, visitation rate, handling time, and floral display size

2009Role: study subject

student_paper

Variation in the structure and dynamics of bee assemblages across distinct montane meadows

2009Role: habitat indicator species

thesis

Bottom-up effects of nutrient enrichment on plants, pollinators, and their interactions

2008Role: study subject

thesis

Bottom-up effects of nutrient enrichment on plants, pollinators, and their interactions

2008Role: text_match

thesis

Reciprocal benefits in a plant-pollinator mutualism

2008Role: text_match

article

Compensatory responses to loss of warming-sensitive plant species

2007EcologyRole: study subject

thesis

Ecosystem responses to warming-induced plant species loss and increased nitrogen availability in a Rocky Mountain subalpine meadow

2006Role: study subject

student_paper

Revegetation after disturbance in high-altitude meadow ecosystems

2006Role: study subject

student_paper

Effects of Interspecific Pollen Transfer (IPT) in a Specialist and a Generalist Flower

2005Role: study subject

student_paper

The effects of the invasive plant Linaria vulgaris on native plant fitness and pollinator behavior

2005Role: study subject

student_paper

DOES LINARIA VULGARIS, AN INVASIVE, INTERFERE WITH THE POLLINATION OF THE NATIVE SPECIES, POTENTILLA PULCHERRIMA?

2004Role: text_match

article

Observations on plant choice by foraging yellow-bellied marmots

2003Oecologia MontanaRole: text_match

article

North American dipteran pollinators: assessing their value and conservation status

2001Conservation EcologyRole: host plant / focal study plant

article

Effects of Local Density on Pollination and Reproduction in Delphinium nuttallianum and Aconitum columbianum (Ranunculaceae)

1999American Journal of BotanyRole: text_match

article

Fly pollination of Linum lewisii (Linaceae)

1994American Journal of BotanyRole: text_match

article

Anthophilous fly distribution across an elevation gradient

1992American Midland NaturalistRole: host plant / floral resource (

article

Anthophilous fly distribution across an elevation gradient

1992American Midland NaturalistRole: text_match

student_paper

Conservation of pollinators and petal shed in blue flax (Linum lewisii)

1988Role: text_match

article

Short-term learning and the searching accuracy of egg-laying butterflies

1984Animal BehaviourRole: non-host plant mistaken for ho

article

Pollinator choice and stabilizing selection for flower color in Delphinium nelsonii

1981EvolutionRole: referenced (other flower-color

article

Skewed flowering distributions and pollinator attraction

1980EcologyRole: study subject

article

Flower behavior in Linum lewisii: some ecological and physiological factors in opening and abscission of petals

1977American Midland NaturalistRole: text_match

article

Behavioral and environmental factors in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of a yellow-bellied marmot population

1974EcologyRole: vegetation

student_paper

Blooming patterns of Linum lewisii

1972Role: text_match

student_paper

A study of plant succession on the Gothic earthflow

1969Role: text_match

student_paper

A study of plant succession on the Gothic earthflow

1969Role: study subject

article

Vegetation and environmental patterns in the Crested Butte area, Gunnison County, Colorado

1962Ecological MonographsRole: habitat component

Linum lewisii

Local Knowledge Graph (Top 74 entities)

Publications (89)

A Hard Day’s Buzz: how water availability shapes floral rewards and pollinator foraging on Heliomeris multiflora

Abiotic influences on intraspecific trait variation in montane species with varied life histories

Effects of individual variation in leaf emergence phenology on subalpine perennial plant performance

A multi-year case study highlighting the influence of hydrological conditions on epidemic dynamics in a natural plant pathosystem

Does pollination interact with the abiotic environment to affect plant reproduction?

Foraging preferences of generalist Megachilidae

Phylogeny does not predict the outcome of heterospecific pollen–pistil interactions in a species-rich alpine plant community

Prevalence and severity of Melampspora lini on Linum lewisii under early snowmelt conditions

Documents (3)

1980

Homestake Mining Company Pitch Project Environmental Statement

Vegetation Appendix Materials for Vegetation and Wildlife Studies for the Mount Emmons Project

Co-occurring Species

Ipomopsis aggregata

Potentilla

Delphinium

Erigeron

Delphinium nuttallianum

Taraxacum officinale

Delphinium barbeyi

Erigeron speciosus

Potentilla pulcherrima

Bombus

Effect of Nitrogen on Linaria vulgaris and Native Species

Local Adaptations and Fitness of Transplants in the Lewis Flax – Flax Rust Coevolutionary System

Solitary bee genera differ in foraging activity timing and temperature; Evidence of a seasonal dietary shift in Hoplitis fulgida

Solitary bee genera differ in foraging activity timing and temperature; Evidence of a seasonal dietary shift in Hoplitis fulgida

The Effects of Early Snowmelt on Drought Stress in Subalpine Plant Species

A pathogen's spatial range is not constrained by geographical features in the flax rust pathosystem

Effects of warming, dominant species removal, and accelerated snowmelt on aboveground plant traits in the Colorado Rocky Mountains

Investigating the Effect of Drought on Floral Traits Mediating Pollinator Interactions

Effects of Floral Abundance, Pollinator Interactions, and Floral Morphology on Stigmatic Pollen Deposition

Floral phenotypic response of <i> Ipomopsis aggregata </i> and related hybrids to changing soil moisture and nitrogen enrichment

Legume germination is delayed in dry soils and in sterile soils devoid of microbial mutualists: Species-specific implications for upward range expansions

Predicting the effects of climate change on the cross-scale epidemiological dynamics of a fungal plant pathogen

Predicting the effects of climate change on the cross? scale epidemiological dynamics of a fungal plant pathogen

The Effect of Snowmelt Timing on Pollinator Visitation to Subalpine Wildflowers

Experimental Test of the Combined Effects of Water Availability and Flowering Time on Pollinator Visitation and Seed Set

From the ground up: Building predictions for how climate change will affect belowground mutualisms, floral traits, and bee behavior

Pollinator-mediated reproductive consequences of altered co-flowering under climate change conditions depend on abiotic context

The effect of early snowmelt on pollination: A study of four Rocky Mountain subalpine plant species

The effects of anthropogenic change on pollination in plant-pollinator communities

Birds Perceive More Intraspecific Color Variation in Bird-Pollinated Than Bee-Pollinated Flowers

Quantifying Nectar Trait Responses to Natural Variation in Water Availability in Subalpine Plant Communities

Comparing predictive measures and model functions for estimating plant biomass: lessons from a sagebrush–rabbitbrush community

Intraspecific flower color variation along elevation gradients

Niche breadth changes in response to environmental perturbation: the impact of early snowmelt on subalpine plant-pollinator specialization

Phenotypic plasticity of floral volatiles in response to increasing drought stress

Pollinator mediated reproductive consequences of altered co-flowering under climate change depend on abiotic context

Pollinator mediated reproductive consequences of altered co-flowering under climate change depend on abiotic context

The effect of nutrient availability on floral display and pollinator interactions

Consistent shifts in pollinator-relevant floral coloration along a Rocky Mountain elevation gradient

The Effect of Climate Change on Plant Communities in the Rocky Mountains: How floral traits differ along an elevational gradient and in reciprocally transplanted communities

The Effects of Climate-Driven Changes in Co-flowering between <i>Linum lewisii</i> and <i>Potentilla pulcherrima</i> on Pollinator Services

Effects of road dust on the pollination and reproduction of wildflowers

Plant-Pollinator Interactions and Environmental Change: Effects of Experimental Changes in Phenology and Water Availability on a Montane Wildflower

Shifts in water availability mediate plantâ€“pollinator interactions

Assessing pollinatorsâ€™ contribution to the reproductive success of <i>Mertensia ciliata</i>

Mutualistic Networks Over Time: The Effects of Changing Floral Abundances on Plant- Pollinator Interactions

Temporal ecology of a subalpine ecosystem: Plant communities, plant-pollinator interactions, & climate change.

The Changing Floral Color Landscape Across an Alpine Elevation Gradient

Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade

Plant Successional Changes Over 67 Years on the Gothic Earthflow.

Selection on floral traits of Linus lewisii along an elevational gradient.

Temporal variation in pollen limitation in Hydrophyllum fendleri (Boraginaceae) Individuals.

Maintenance of temporal synchrony between syrphid flies and floral resources despite differential phenological responses to climate

Measuring the influence of phylogenetic relationships on floral visitation

Nonlinear flowering responses to climate: are species approaching their limits of phenological change?

"With a little help from my friends": Phylogenetic distance as a predictor of floral visitation in the plant communities of Gothic, CO.

An examination of synchrony between insect emergence and flowering in Rocky Mountain meadows

Ant presences alter plants: The impact <i>Formica obscuripes</i> presence on plants and soil micro-anthropod diversity

Spatial distribution of mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>): Effects of plant palatability and habitat structure

A test of species-area theory on a high disturbance area of the Gothic earthflow

Determining Long-Term Success of Revegetation Efforts in Disturbed Sites

The effects of nutrient addition on floral characters and pollination in two subalpine plants, <i>Ipomopsis aggregata</i> and <i>Linum lewisii</i>

The effects of nutrient addition on floral characters and pollination in two subalpine plants, <i>Ipomopsis aggregata</i> and <i>Linum lewisii</i>

The importance of interannual variation and bottom-up nitrogen enrichment for plant-pollinator networks