Protocols

Systematic measurement of antipredator escape behavior by approaching focal individuals at standardized speed and recording distances at key behavioral response points. Includes observation of social ...

Integration of temperature, precipitation, and snow cover data from multiple weather stations and remote sensing platforms to characterize environmental conditions at marmot colony sites.

Blood collection and analysis to determine neutrophil and lymphocyte counts for calculating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios as a measure of immune response activity.

Systematic measurement of microhabitat features including vegetation height, cover, and structural elements like perches within a standardized 7×7-m grid system across the study area.

Simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption, body temperature, and conductance in marmots entering torpor to determine mechanisms of metabolic depression. Q10 analysis used to distinguish active me...